{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007806143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","title":"Use of and factors associated with self-treatment in China","display_name":"Use of and factors associated with self-treatment in China","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007806143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","mag":"2007806143","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23158841","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3534538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Yuefeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271893122","display_name":"National Health and Family Planning Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/052eegr76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271893122","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Yuefeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Xizhimen South Road, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Xizhimen South Road, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271893122"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010184148","display_name":"Rao Keqin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271893122","display_name":"National Health and Family Planning Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/052eegr76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271893122","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rao Keqin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Xizhimen South Road, Beijing, 100044, China","Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Xizhimen South Road, Beijing, 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271893122"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271893122"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082633299","display_name":"Xiaowei Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-2755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-2755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ren Xiaowei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China","School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Donggangxi Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082633299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":2.1258,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89861751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"995","last_page":"995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-medication","display_name":"self-medication","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-decision-making","display_name":"healthcare decision-making","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-medicines","display_name":"access to medicines","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-system","display_name":"insurance system","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-symptoms","display_name":"disease symptoms","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-factors","display_name":"economic factors","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7594550848007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.5855555534362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5553961396217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.542064905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5194486975669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.501370906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781164080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448186","display_name":"Self-rated health","level":2,"score":0.44688504934310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.37582704424858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.24572116136550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.16811832785606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2537083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3534538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3534538","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3534538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23158841","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23158841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/121810","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/121810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae36083485e44e87aba3b730b4b27fc5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae36083485e44e87aba3b730b4b27fc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 995 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-12-995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328549","display_name":"Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos","ror":"https://ror.org/03tf0c761"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007806143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007806143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1466755407","https://openalex.org/W1581053778","https://openalex.org/W1587803056","https://openalex.org/W1965023847","https://openalex.org/W1965279879","https://openalex.org/W1970406531","https://openalex.org/W1996914741","https://openalex.org/W2008219110","https://openalex.org/W2010314694","https://openalex.org/W2026186707","https://openalex.org/W2036254458","https://openalex.org/W2044811896","https://openalex.org/W2075527122","https://openalex.org/W2084201821","https://openalex.org/W2090486324","https://openalex.org/W2104101984","https://openalex.org/W2129801194","https://openalex.org/W2142126153","https://openalex.org/W2170223075","https://openalex.org/W2474554939","https://openalex.org/W2621196638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360796871","https://openalex.org/W2372408364","https://openalex.org/W1976492022","https://openalex.org/W2808007353","https://openalex.org/W3212430213","https://openalex.org/W3011452870","https://openalex.org/W860333000","https://openalex.org/W2367261275","https://openalex.org/W2737139504","https://openalex.org/W2368725427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"When":[1],"an":[2,207],"individual":[3,155],"is":[4],"ill":[5],"or":[6,18],"symptomatic,":[7],"they":[8],"have":[9,206,218],"the":[10,27,42,50,65,70,98,101,173,188,220],"options":[11],"of":[12,29,44,52,69,108,114,175,190,195,224],"seeking":[13],"professional":[14,215],"health":[15,242],"care,":[16],"self-treating":[17],"doing":[19],"nothing.":[20],"In":[21],"China,":[22],"some":[23],"studies":[24],"suggest":[25],"that":[26],"number":[28],"individuals":[30],"opting":[31],"to":[32,48,56,96,103,166,205],"self-treat":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"rapidly":[36],"increasing":[37],"in":[38,58,119,128,133,138,143,145,197,226,229,241],"recent":[39,227],"years.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"aim":[43],"this":[45],"study":[46],"was":[47,62],"analyze":[49],"trends":[51],"and":[53,67,88,90,154,181,214,236],"factors":[54,99],"related":[55],"self-treatment":[57,109,210],"China.":[59,146,230],"METHODS:":[60],"Self-treatment":[61,213],"measured":[63],"based":[64],"concept":[66],"data":[68,83],"China":[71],"National":[72],"Health":[73],"Survey":[74],"(CNHS),":[75],"which":[76],"covers":[77],"802,454":[78],"individuals.":[79],"We":[80],"used":[81],"CNHS":[82],"from":[84],"1993,":[85,129],"1998,":[86,134],"2003,":[87,139],"2008,":[89],"a":[91,111,169,184,193],"Multinomial":[92],"Logit":[93],"Selection":[94],"Model":[95],"estimate":[97],"influencing":[100],"decision":[102],"self-treat.":[104],"RESULTS:":[105],"The":[106],"prevalences":[107],"with":[110,122,172,187],"recall":[112],"period":[113],"two-weeks":[115],"were":[116,202],"significantly":[117],"higher":[118],"urban":[120],"compared":[121],"rural":[123],"areas":[124],"(31.2%":[125],"vs":[126,131,136,141],"14.9%":[127],"43.5%":[130],"21.4%":[132],"47.2%":[135],"31.4%":[137],"31.0%":[140],"25.3%":[142],"2008)":[144],"Economic":[147],"(per":[148],"capita":[149],"income,":[150],"TV,":[151],"sanitary":[152],"water)":[153],"(education,":[156],"profession,":[157],"family":[158],"members,":[159],"exercise)":[160],"factors,":[161],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"accessibility":[165],"drugs":[167],"had":[168],"positive":[170],"association":[171,186],"probability":[174,189],"self-treating.":[176],"Different":[177,199],"illness":[178,232],"symptoms,":[179],"severity,":[180],"duration":[182],"show":[183],"negative":[185],"self-treating,":[191],"showing":[192],"degree":[194],"rationality":[196],"decision-making.":[198,211,244],"insurance":[200],"systems":[201],"also":[203],"found":[204],"effect":[208],"on":[209],"CONCLUSIONS:":[212],"medical":[216,222],"services":[217],"shared":[219],"incremental":[221],"needs":[223],"residents":[225],"years":[228],"Self-perceived":[231],"status,":[233],"economic":[234],"circumstances,":[235],"education":[237],"play":[238],"important":[239],"roles":[240],"care":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}