{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007798233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","title":"Farm size, productivity and returns to scale in agriculture revisited: a case study of wine producers in South Africa","display_name":"Farm size, productivity and returns to scale in agriculture revisited: a case study of wine producers in South Africa","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007798233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","mag":"2007798233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108377201","display_name":"Robert Townsend","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R Townsend","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural DevelopmentUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural DevelopmentUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108377201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":{"value":4030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4030},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8323,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84526375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1-2","first_page":"175","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.7261000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.7261000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.26759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12399","display_name":"Wine Industry and Tourism","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-size","display_name":"farm size","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-scale","display_name":"returns to scale","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wine-industry","display_name":"wine industry","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-productivity","display_name":"partial productivity","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity","display_name":"total factor productivity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-productivity","display_name":"land productivity","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-cooperatives","display_name":"agricultural cooperatives","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development-policy","display_name":"rural development policy","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-cape","display_name":"Western Cape","score":0.9100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7464351654052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.719931423664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6268327236175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6007262468338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165083353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282942","display_name":"Returns to scale","level":3,"score":0.5892141461372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55952523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3014419","display_name":"Wine","level":2,"score":0.5880311131477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.514837920665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1670747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396622","display_name":"Agribusiness","level":3,"score":0.48943081498146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.4471825659275055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22848886251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.22058549523353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15123185515403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.11943620443344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.06284591555595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00033-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:174562","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:iaaeaj:174562","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://purl.umn.edu/174562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:agecon:v:19:y:1998:i:1-2:p:175-180","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169-5150(98)00033-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/2876","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/2876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Postprint Article"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.174562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.174562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.174562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:174562","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174562","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.875,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007798233.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007798233.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573106339","https://openalex.org/W634001533","https://openalex.org/W1544993974","https://openalex.org/W1823942516","https://openalex.org/W1966423005","https://openalex.org/W1990671532","https://openalex.org/W2078307861","https://openalex.org/W2082544574","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2236426498","https://openalex.org/W3123895118","https://openalex.org/W4301140975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237458481","https://openalex.org/W6982685810","https://openalex.org/W2908172937","https://openalex.org/W2791296637","https://openalex.org/W2973441810","https://openalex.org/W2737397261","https://openalex.org/W2066251957","https://openalex.org/W3122178232","https://openalex.org/W2945682195","https://openalex.org/W6983415511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"inverse":[1,112,150],"relationship":[2,113,151],"between":[3,72,114,132],"farm":[4,46,115],"size":[5,116],"and":[6,33,74,109,117,121,130,156],"productivity":[7,76,120,124],"has":[8],"almost":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11],"'stylised":[12],"fact'":[13],"in":[14,153],"the":[15,21,34,50,55,68,84,102,146],"economic":[16],"development":[17,142],"literature.":[18],"Most":[19],"of":[20,54,58,67,83,104,148,159],"studies":[22,39],"contributing":[23],"to":[24,64,90,95,100],"this":[25,61],"preception":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"flawed":[29],"by":[30],"methodological":[31,69],"shortcomings":[32],"request":[35],"is":[36,125],"that":[37],"these":[38],"be":[40,137],"treated":[41],"with":[42,107],"caution.":[43],"Using":[44,78],"recent":[45],"survey":[47],"data":[48,79],"from":[49],"wine":[51,85],"producing":[52],"areas":[53],"Western":[56],"Cape":[57],"South":[59],"Africa,":[60],"study":[62],"attempts":[63],"overcome":[65,101],"some":[66],"problems,":[70],"distinguishing":[71],"partial":[73],"total":[75,122],"measures.":[77],"envelopment":[80],"analysis,":[81],"most":[82],"grape":[86],"producers":[87],"were":[88],"found":[89],"operate":[91],"under":[92],"constant":[93],"returns":[94],"scale.":[96],"Co-operative":[97],"membership":[98],"seemed":[99],"economies":[103],"scale":[105],"associated":[106],"processing":[108],"marketing.":[110],"both":[118],"land":[119],"factor":[123],"weak,":[126],"not":[127],"consistently":[128],"negative":[129],"differs":[131],"regions.":[133],"Thus,":[134],"caution":[135],"must":[136],"used":[138],"when":[139],"advocating":[140],"rural":[141],"policies":[143],"based":[144],"on":[145],"inevitability":[147],"an":[149],"existing":[152],"all":[154],"sectors":[155],"production":[157],"regions":[158],"agriculture.":[160],"\u00a9":[161],"1998":[162],"Elsevier":[163],"Science":[164],"B.V.":[165],"All":[166],"rights":[167],"reserved.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
