{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007772508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","title":"Predominant expression of Th2 cytokines and interferon-\u03b3 in xenogeneic cardiac grafts undergoing acute vascular rejection1","display_name":"Predominant expression of Th2 cytokines and interferon-\u03b3 in xenogeneic cardiac grafts undergoing acute vascular rejection1","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007772508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","mag":"2007772508","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12640294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11564597","display_name":"Transplantation","issn_l":"0041-1337","issn":["0041-1337","1534-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transplantation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036897140","display_name":"Narendra Prasad Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2443-7157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2443-7157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narendra P. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA","Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100980123","display_name":"Luping Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luping Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111569262","display_name":"Anna Mhoyan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Mhoyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049976699","display_name":"Haval Shirwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-9470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-9470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haval Shirwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haval Shirwan, Ph.D., Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, 570 South Preston Street, Suite 404, Louisville, KY 40202. E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haval Shirwan, Ph.D., Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, 570 South Preston Street, Suite 404, Louisville, KY 40202. E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049976699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85662192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"5","first_page":"586","last_page":"590"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12654","display_name":"Xenotransplantation and immune response","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12654","display_name":"Xenotransplantation and immune response","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11189","display_name":"Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes","score":0.17350000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12900","display_name":"Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2747","display_name":"Transplantation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-xenotransplantation","display_name":"cardiac xenotransplantation","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-vascular-rejection","display_name":"acute vascular rejection","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th2-cytokines","display_name":"Th2 cytokines","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-response","display_name":"Th1 response","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4","display_name":"IL-4","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-10","display_name":"IL-10","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transforming-growth-factor-beta","display_name":"TGF-beta","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allograft-rejection","display_name":"allograft rejection","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasculitis","display_name":"vasculitis","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.6825970411300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6733777523040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.6193774938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643396","display_name":"Heart transplantation","level":3,"score":0.5195418000221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.48083075881004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187316574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423698","display_name":"Interleukin 10","level":3,"score":0.4521295726299286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24741149","display_name":"Interferon gamma","level":3,"score":0.4395091235637665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194908","display_name":"Interleukin","level":3,"score":0.4133705496788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.404025137424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20511874556541443}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000208","descriptor_name":"Acute Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006084","descriptor_name":"Graft Rejection","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006084","descriptor_name":"Graft Rejection","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014183","descriptor_name":"Transplantation, Heterologous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014185","descriptor_name":"Transplantation, Isogeneic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015847","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-4","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016027","descriptor_name":"Heart Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016212","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016753","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-10","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000052594.83318.68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11564597","display_name":"Transplantation","issn_l":"0041-1337","issn":["0041-1337","1534-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transplantation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12640294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12640294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transplantation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1925217901","display_name":"APOPTOSIS:A MEANS OF IMMUNE REGULATION TO TREAT DIABETES","funder_award_id":"R21DK061333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2039330057","display_name":"Allograft Tolerance with Fas/FasL-Mediated Apoptosis","funder_award_id":"R01AI047864","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6436209278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 DK61333-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548726615","https://openalex.org/W1963940108","https://openalex.org/W1998585816","https://openalex.org/W2006519814","https://openalex.org/W2008246445","https://openalex.org/W2013289616","https://openalex.org/W2015516487","https://openalex.org/W2017331094","https://openalex.org/W2022967762","https://openalex.org/W2031368755","https://openalex.org/W2040394074","https://openalex.org/W2041131464","https://openalex.org/W2045817678","https://openalex.org/W2049056650","https://openalex.org/W2049531492","https://openalex.org/W2052816795","https://openalex.org/W2052847242","https://openalex.org/W2055114864","https://openalex.org/W2060109555","https://openalex.org/W2071798579","https://openalex.org/W2077869468","https://openalex.org/W2093996345","https://openalex.org/W2094351652","https://openalex.org/W2097113319","https://openalex.org/W2116803825","https://openalex.org/W2154033753","https://openalex.org/W2217035453","https://openalex.org/W2395813281","https://openalex.org/W2415671594","https://openalex.org/W2417110164","https://openalex.org/W4233740873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351567417","https://openalex.org/W1977386849","https://openalex.org/W4231011503","https://openalex.org/W2064870326","https://openalex.org/W2017685138","https://openalex.org/W2029298044","https://openalex.org/W2404246201","https://openalex.org/W2062450530","https://openalex.org/W2104976130","https://openalex.org/W2077869468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,107,216,266],"Th1":[2,222],"response":[3,18,34],"has":[4,19,38],"been":[5,20,39],"shown":[6],"to":[7,35,57,226,236],"play":[8],"a":[9,51,60,115,221,230],"role":[10],"in":[11,22,33,50,109,259],"acute":[12,127,263,271],"allograft":[13],"rejection,":[14,129],"whereas":[15],"the":[16,23,29,40,276],"Th2":[17,159,255,267],"implicated":[21],"protection":[24],"of":[25,31,42,76,119,126,131,134,182,218,246,254],"allografts.":[26],"Unlike":[27],"allografts,":[28],"pattern":[30],"cytokines":[32,256,268],"solid-organ":[36],"xenografts":[37,156,227,261],"subject":[41],"limited":[43],"studies.":[44],"We":[45],"investigated":[46],"intragraft":[47,98],"cytokine":[48,62,99],"expression":[49,100,183,193,201,217,253],"concordant":[52],"cardiac":[53,67,260],"xenograft":[54],"model":[55,111],"(rat-to-mouse)":[56],"test":[58],"if":[59],"particular":[61],"profile":[63],"predominates.":[64],"METHODS:":[65],"Intra-abdominal":[66],"transplantation":[68],"was":[69,172,209,224],"performed":[70],"using":[71,101],"C57BL/10":[72],"mice":[73],"as":[74,84],"recipients":[75],"PVG.R8":[77],"rat":[78],"hearts.":[79],"Syngeneic":[80],"grafts":[81,87,108],"(C57BL/10-to-C75BL/10)":[82],"served":[83],"controls.":[85],"Cardiac":[86,155],"harvested":[88],"on":[89,174,184,194,202,212],"various":[90,169],"days":[91,121,195,214,234],"posttransplantation":[92],"were":[93,112],"analyzed":[94],"for":[95],"histology":[96],"and":[97,122,146,150,164,177,191,197,199,228,257,279],"reverse-transcriptase":[102],"polymerase":[103],"chain":[104],"reaction.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"this":[110,286],"rejected":[113],"with":[114,142,148,168],"mean":[116],"survival":[117],"time":[118],"7+/-1":[120],"showed":[123,189,229,243],"extensive":[124],"evidence":[125],"vascular":[128,264,272],"consisting":[130],"global":[132],"distortion":[133],"myocardial":[135],"architecture,":[136],"fewer":[137],"cellular":[138],"infiltrates,":[139],"interstitial":[140],"hemorrhage":[141],"myocyte":[143],"necrosis":[144],"thrombosis,":[145],"vasculitis":[147],"neutrophils":[149],"lymphocytes":[151],"infiltrating":[152],"vessel":[153],"walls.":[154],"predominantly":[157],"expressed":[158,210],"cytokines,":[160],"interleukin":[161],"(IL)-4,":[162],"IL-10,":[163],"transforming":[165],"growth":[166,207],"factor-beta":[167,208],"kinetics.":[170],"IL-10":[171],"detectable":[173],"day":[175,185,203],"1":[176,196],"reached":[178],"its":[179],"peak":[180],"level":[181],"6":[186,204,237],"posttransplantation.":[187,205,238],"IL-4":[188],"minimal":[190],"undetectable":[192],"3":[198,235],"significant":[200],"Transforming":[206],"moderately":[211],"all":[213],"examined.":[215],"interferon":[219],"(IFN)-gamma,":[220],"cytokine,":[223],"specific":[225],"gradual":[231],"increase":[232],"from":[233],"In":[239],"marked":[240],"contrast,":[241],"IL-2":[242],"complete":[244],"lack":[245],"expression.":[247],"CONCLUSIONS:":[248],"Our":[249],"data":[250],"demonstrate":[251],"predominant":[252],"IFN-gamma":[258,280],"undergoing":[262],"rejection.":[265],"may":[269,281],"promote":[270],"rejection":[273],"by":[274],"regulating":[275],"humoral":[277],"response,":[278],"delay,":[282],"but":[283],"not":[284],"prevent,":[285],"response.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}