{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007702124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","title":"Introduction to Bayesian methods III: use and interpretation of Bayesian tools in design and analysis","display_name":"Introduction to Bayesian methods III: use and interpretation of Bayesian tools in design and analysis","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007702124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","mag":"2007702124","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59378366","display_name":"Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1740-7745","issn":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073571977","display_name":"Donald A. Berry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-3871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-3871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald A Berry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 447, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 447, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073571977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95647515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"295","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12547","display_name":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-clinical-trial-design","display_name":"Bayesian clinical trial design","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-trial-design","display_name":"adaptive trial design","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interim-analysis","display_name":"interim analysis","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-adaptation","display_name":"sample size adaptation","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development","display_name":"drug development","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-device-development","display_name":"medical device development","score":0.9670000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.7744009494781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6837804317474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61943457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046661","display_name":"Interim analysis","level":3,"score":0.575157880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4927404224872589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.4638746976852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99173435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874469","display_name":"Bayesian experimental design","level":5,"score":0.4424894452095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4311528205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895105","display_name":"Interim","level":2,"score":0.4298509657382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.4237102270126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191413810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17100952","display_name":"Bayesian hierarchical modeling","level":4,"score":0.4192884564399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4115433990955353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35811299085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2317761778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16059714555740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14984506368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023381","descriptor_name":"Endpoint Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023381","descriptor_name":"Endpoint Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023381","descriptor_name":"Endpoint Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774505cn100oa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59378366","display_name":"Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1740-7745","issn":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16281428","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical trials (London, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993536837","https://openalex.org/W2006656814","https://openalex.org/W2012721837","https://openalex.org/W2052495441","https://openalex.org/W2104337757","https://openalex.org/W2131351873","https://openalex.org/W2154923112","https://openalex.org/W2798191126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094615848","https://openalex.org/W2999343277","https://openalex.org/W2006656814","https://openalex.org/W2116622513","https://openalex.org/W2032336605","https://openalex.org/W4409841174","https://openalex.org/W3092379046","https://openalex.org/W2783801314","https://openalex.org/W2075929386","https://openalex.org/W2168340028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Bayesian":[1,35,53,84,153,183],"approach":[2,36,48,85,154],"and":[3,10,76,135,168,190,204,212],"several":[4],"of":[5,21,96,102,121,150,163,177,180,185,216],"its":[6],"advantages":[7],"in":[8,49,81,90,112,165],"drug":[9],"medical":[11],"device":[12],"development":[13],"are":[14,159],"described.":[15],"One":[16],"advantage":[17],"from":[18],"the":[19,83,92,100,119,137,141,146,166,172,178,186],"perspective":[20],"analysis":[22],"is":[23,41,61,89,182],"that":[24,116,209],"it":[25],"provides":[26,55],"a":[27,34,56,67,122,152],"methodology":[28,54],"for":[29,58],"synthesizing":[30],"information.":[31],"However,":[32],"taking":[33,151],"to":[37,108,114,140,155],"designing":[38],"clinical":[39,156],"trials":[40,208],"potentially":[42],"more":[43],"valuable":[44],"than":[45],"using":[46],"this":[47],"analyzing":[50],"trial":[51,157],"results.":[52,104,148],"mechanism":[57],"updating":[59,70],"what":[60],"known":[62],"as":[63],"results":[64,98,115],"accumulate":[65,117],"during":[66,118],"trial.":[68,123],"Such":[69,194],"can":[71,86],"be":[72,87],"incorporated":[73],"completely":[74],"explicitly":[75],"prospectively.":[77],"An":[78,175],"important":[79],"way":[80],"which":[82],"used":[88],"calculating":[91],"predictive":[93,110],"probability":[94],"distribution":[95],"future":[97],"on":[99,145],"basis":[101],"current":[103],"I":[105],"show":[106],"how":[107],"exploit":[109],"distributions":[111],"adapting":[113],"course":[120],"Possible":[124],"adaptations":[125],"including":[126],"decreasing":[127],"or":[128],"increasing":[129],"sample":[130],"size,":[131],"dropping":[132],"treatment":[133,162],"arms,":[134],"modifying":[136],"randomization":[138],"proportions":[139],"various":[142],"arms":[143],"depending":[144],"interim":[147],"Consequences":[149],"design":[158],"efficiency,":[160],"better":[161],"patients":[164],"trial,":[167],"greater":[169],"precision":[170],"regarding":[171],"primary":[173],"endpoints.":[174,193],"example":[176],"last":[179],"these":[181],"modeling":[184,195],"relationship":[187],"between":[188],"early":[189],"longer":[191],"term":[192],"also":[196],"enables":[197],"earlier":[198],"decision":[199],"making.":[200],"Case":[201],"studies":[202],"2":[203],"3":[205],"deal":[206],"with":[207],"were":[210],"shorter":[211],"smaller,":[213],"respectively,":[214],"because":[215],"such":[217],"modeling.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}