{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007697743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0006","title":"American Stars and Bars","display_name":"American Stars and Bars","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007697743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0006","mag":"2007697743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cal.2001.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31525657","display_name":"Callaloo","issn_l":"0161-2492","issn":["0161-2492","1080-6512"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Callaloo","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063330233","display_name":"Madison Smartt Bell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Madison Smartt Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063330233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30617832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"374","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13824","display_name":"National Identity and Symbolism","score":0.6074000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13824","display_name":"National Identity and Symbolism","score":0.6074000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.31709998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14494","display_name":"American Literature and Culture","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-identity","display_name":"American identity","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-symbols","display_name":"national symbols","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.7642547488212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.6906095743179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5082527995109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776730729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392130","display_name":"Flag (linear algebra)","level":3,"score":0.48606064915657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4185590445995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.28791072964668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2433260679244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cal.2001.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31525657","display_name":"Callaloo","issn_l":"0161-2492","issn":["0161-2492","1080-6512"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Callaloo","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/6383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/6383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160284297","https://openalex.org/W1971371850","https://openalex.org/W2070037909","https://openalex.org/W1966951743","https://openalex.org/W1988970620","https://openalex.org/W4247869981","https://openalex.org/W4229966343","https://openalex.org/W2003535355","https://openalex.org/W4235202457","https://openalex.org/W2051035812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Around":[0],"twelve":[1],"years":[2],"ago,":[3],"while":[4],"researching":[5],"a":[6,10,19,39,42,95],"novel,":[7],"I":[8],"read":[9],"book":[11],"called":[12],"Bloods,":[13],"by":[14],"Wallace":[15],"Terry.":[16],"Bloods":[17],"is":[18,105],"work":[20],"of":[21,37,78,101],"oral":[22],"history,":[23],"in":[24,30,41,93],"which":[25],"twenty":[26],"black":[27,80,108],"soldiers":[28],"serving":[29],"Vietnam":[31],"tell":[32],"about":[33,116],"their":[34,63,74],"experiences.":[35],"One":[36],"them,":[38],"soldier":[40],"very":[43],"active":[44],"combat":[45],"unit,":[46],"described":[47],"this":[48,79],"situation:":[49],"It":[50,127],"was":[51],"not":[52],"uncommon":[53],"for":[54,132],"squads":[55],"and":[56,68,110],"patrol":[57],"groups":[58],"(LURPs,":[59],"especially)":[60],"to":[61,69,73,114],"give":[62],"group":[64],"some":[65],"special":[66,71],"name":[67],"add":[70],"patches":[72,92],"uniforms.":[75],"Some":[76],"members":[77],"soldier's":[81],"unit":[82],"(white":[83],"Southerners,":[84],"these":[85],"men":[86],"were)":[87],"wore":[88],"Confederate":[89],"battle":[90],"flag":[91],"such":[94],"way.":[96],"Here":[97],"(to":[98],"the":[99,107,133],"best":[100],"my":[102],"twelve-years-old":[103],"recollection)":[104],"what":[106],"narrator":[109],"his":[111],"friends":[112],"had":[113],"say":[115],"that.":[117],"We":[118],"knew":[119],"it":[120],"didn't":[121,138],"mean":[122],"they":[123,130],"were":[124,131],"against":[125],"us.":[126],"just":[128],"meant":[129],"South.":[134],"But":[135],"we":[136],"still":[137],"like":[139],"it.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}