{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007666642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.959","title":"The Reaction of Household Consumption to Predictable Changes in Social Security Taxes","display_name":"The Reaction of Household Consumption to Predictable Changes in Social Security Taxes","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007666642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.959","mag":"2007666642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.89.4.959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025966998","display_name":"Jonathan A. Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-1630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-1630","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-4781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan A Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025966998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.5835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":553,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99636852,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"4","first_page":"959","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.37790000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.37790000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.22349999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.16189999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-consumption","display_name":"household consumption","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security-tax","display_name":"social security tax","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-hypothesis","display_name":"life-cycle hypothesis","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-income-hypothesis","display_name":"permanent income hypothesis","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-expectations","display_name":"rational expectations","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption-growth","display_name":"consumption growth","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondurable-goods","display_name":"non-durable goods","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-cycles","display_name":"business cycles","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-fluctuations","display_name":"income fluctuations","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.8205866813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.7447328567504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7064114212989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.43526849150657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4327915608882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.10272866487503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09269207715988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.89.4.959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:89:y:1999:i:4:p:959-973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.89.4.959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W1503257664","https://openalex.org/W1511823576","https://openalex.org/W1527002158","https://openalex.org/W1539366055","https://openalex.org/W1539573181","https://openalex.org/W1607424895","https://openalex.org/W1964664412","https://openalex.org/W1974770692","https://openalex.org/W1975700127","https://openalex.org/W1987285598","https://openalex.org/W2030691535","https://openalex.org/W2035516084","https://openalex.org/W2051122495","https://openalex.org/W2051441958","https://openalex.org/W2057614228","https://openalex.org/W2058433370","https://openalex.org/W2077905992","https://openalex.org/W2079363987","https://openalex.org/W2081845494","https://openalex.org/W2083158139","https://openalex.org/W2092356479","https://openalex.org/W2095308811","https://openalex.org/W2117301924","https://openalex.org/W2130136629","https://openalex.org/W2142965569","https://openalex.org/W2149391584","https://openalex.org/W2173912986","https://openalex.org/W2246637254","https://openalex.org/W2590314641","https://openalex.org/W2890266134","https://openalex.org/W2892084985","https://openalex.org/W2892197067","https://openalex.org/W2983336909","https://openalex.org/W3001472365","https://openalex.org/W3022855420","https://openalex.org/W3124658309","https://openalex.org/W3125184571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097693147","https://openalex.org/W7098724232","https://openalex.org/W2198889685","https://openalex.org/W1539366055","https://openalex.org/W2041810380","https://openalex.org/W1987285598","https://openalex.org/W2077905992","https://openalex.org/W2101811083","https://openalex.org/W4400643085","https://openalex.org/W7099996633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"key":[1],"implication":[2,29],"of":[3,23,39,46,52,59],"rational":[4],"expectations":[5],"and":[6,36,44,49],"the":[7,20,34,42,50,56,60,67,101,108],"basic":[8],"life-cycle/permanent-income":[9],"hypothesis:":[10],"that":[11,91],"predictable":[12,79,102],"changes":[13,80],"in":[14,81,98,104],"income":[15,53,105],"have":[16],"no":[17],"effect":[18],"on":[19,55,73],"growth":[21,57],"rate":[22,58],"consumption":[24,64,96],"expenditures,":[25],"is":[26,30,86,89],"examined.":[27],"This":[28],"important":[31],"for":[32],"understanding":[33],"effectiveness":[35],"optimal":[37],"timing":[38],"fiscal":[40],"policy,":[41],"causes":[43],"propagation":[45],"business":[47],"cycles,":[48],"effects":[51],"fluctuations":[54,103],"economy.":[61],"Using":[62],"household-level":[63],"data":[65],"from":[66],"Consumer":[68],"Expenditure":[69],"Survey,":[70],"whether":[71],"expenditures":[72,97],"nondurable":[74],"goods":[75],"increase":[76],"contemporaneously":[77],"with":[78],"Social":[82,109],"Security":[83,110],"tax":[84,111],"withholding":[85],"tested.":[87],"It":[88],"found":[90],"households":[92],"do":[93],"change":[94],"their":[95],"response":[99],"to":[100],"induced":[106],"by":[107],"system.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
