{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007640671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","title":"Shared Sampling for Real\u2010Time Alpha Matting","display_name":"Shared Sampling for Real\u2010Time Alpha Matting","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007640671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","mag":"2007640671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016118103","display_name":"Eduardo S. L. Gastal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-2940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-2940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo S. L. Gastal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Informa\u0301tica, UFRGS","Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, UFRGS#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Informa\u0301tica, UFRGS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, UFRGS#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065873350","display_name":"Manuel M. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-9984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-9984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268810","display_name":"MIT Media Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/0253jyq40","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel M. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Camera Culture Group, MIT Media Lab","Instituto de Informa\u0301tica, UFRGS","Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, UFRGS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Camera Culture Group, MIT Media Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268810","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Informa\u0301tica, UFRGS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, UFRGS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.4165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":347,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99791259,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"575","last_page":"584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.14920000731945038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.14920000731945038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.12890000641345978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.10719999670982361,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-matting","display_name":"image matting","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-matte-estimation","display_name":"alpha matte estimation","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-video-processing","display_name":"real-time video processing","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimap","display_name":"trimap","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-segmentation","display_name":"foreground segmentation","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"speedup","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7754424810409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7728582620620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.7374038100242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7248523831367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7182791233062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.7160483598709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5855703353881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.510073721408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4862712621688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3961673974990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19701382517814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16195932030677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06268811225891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01627.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67831204","display_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","issn_l":"0167-7055","issn":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5365179026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"305613/2007-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322987","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007640671.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007640671.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549397315","https://openalex.org/W1975862670","https://openalex.org/W1985176903","https://openalex.org/W2035773017","https://openalex.org/W2073895861","https://openalex.org/W2080592425","https://openalex.org/W2103334940","https://openalex.org/W2103917701","https://openalex.org/W2109815552","https://openalex.org/W2114716088","https://openalex.org/W2119391667","https://openalex.org/W2123762489","https://openalex.org/W2123785012","https://openalex.org/W2134839354","https://openalex.org/W2145382867","https://openalex.org/W2157887643","https://openalex.org/W2165405078","https://openalex.org/W2168771524","https://openalex.org/W2169040970","https://openalex.org/W2293703294","https://openalex.org/W4212931420","https://openalex.org/W4255741144","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675705777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276832677","https://openalex.org/W2609848871","https://openalex.org/W1999420892","https://openalex.org/W2014127963","https://openalex.org/W2077604257","https://openalex.org/W2763854742","https://openalex.org/W2566622715","https://openalex.org/W2045766730","https://openalex.org/W2530636339","https://openalex.org/W2636014831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Image":[1],"matting":[2,35,52,163],"aims":[3],"at":[4],"extracting":[5],"foreground":[6,117],"elements":[7],"from":[8],"an":[9,148],"image":[10],"by":[11,106],"means":[12,107],"of":[13,22,34,44,85,92,108,112,114,123,128,141,153,164,175],"color":[14],"and":[15,57,103,116,166],"opacity":[16],"(alpha)":[17],"estimation.":[18],"While":[19],"a":[20,86,90,109,172],"lot":[21,91],"progress":[23],"has":[24,144,167],"been":[25,145],"made":[26],"in":[27,81,89],"recent":[28],"years":[29],"on":[30,63],"improving":[31],"the":[32,41,49,64,82,158,168],"accuracy":[33],"techniques,":[36],"one":[37],"common":[38],"problem":[39],"persisted:":[40],"low":[42],"speed":[43,152],"matte":[45],"computation.":[46],"We":[47,95],"present":[48],"first":[50,159],"real\u2010time":[51,161],"technique":[53,60,120,155],"for":[54,67,157],"natural":[55],"images":[56],"videos.":[58],"Our":[59,119],"is":[61],"based":[62],"observation":[65],"that,":[66],"small":[68],"neighborhoods,":[69],"pixels":[70],"tend":[71],"to":[72,125,131,170],"share":[73],"similar":[74],"attributes.":[75],"Therefore,":[76],"independently":[77],"treating":[78],"each":[79],"pixel":[80],"unknown":[83],"regions":[84],"trimap":[87],"results":[88,143],"redundant":[93],"work.":[94],"show":[96],"how":[97],"this":[98],"computation":[99],"can":[100],"be":[101],"significantly":[102],"safely":[104],"reduced":[105],"careful":[110],"selection":[111],"pairs":[113],"background":[115],"samples.":[118],"achieves":[121],"speedups":[122],"up":[124],"two":[126],"orders":[127],"magnitude":[129],"compared":[130],"previous":[132],"ones,":[133],"while":[134],"producing":[135],"high\u2010quality":[136],"alpha":[137,162],"mattes.":[138],"The":[139,151],"quality":[140],"our":[142,154],"verified":[146],"through":[147],"independent":[149],"benchmark.":[150],"enables,":[156],"time,":[160],"videos,":[165],"potential":[169],"enable":[171],"new":[173],"class":[174],"exciting":[176],"applications.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}