{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007632485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218","title":"Achieving Individual\u2010Nanotube Dispersion at High Loading in Single\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites","display_name":"Achieving Individual\u2010Nanotube Dispersion at High Loading in Single\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007632485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218","mag":"2007632485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.200401218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046357335","display_name":"Rachel A. Graff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.\u2009A. Graff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021786683","display_name":"John P. Swanson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-7273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-7273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.\u2009P. Swanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031503650","display_name":"Paul W. Barone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-6846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-6846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.\u2009W. Barone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076340349","display_name":"Seunghyun Baik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-8045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-8045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Baik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037355958","display_name":"Daniel A. Heller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-0000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-0000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.\u2009A. Heller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041330438","display_name":"Michael S. Strano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-808X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-808X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.\u2009S. Strano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":6070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97434293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"980","last_page":"984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11664","display_name":"Fiber-reinforced polymer composites","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-walled-carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"single-walled carbon nanotubes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotube-composites","display_name":"carbon nanotube composites","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotube-dispersion","display_name":"nanotube dispersion","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-filler-loading","display_name":"high filler loading","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-fluorescence","display_name":"near-infrared fluorescence","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-characterization","display_name":"non-destructive characterization","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-matrix-composites","display_name":"polymer matrix composites","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.9137018918991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.889434814453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7779611349105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7251043319702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777619693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539430","display_name":"Nanotube","level":3,"score":0.6828792095184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186801447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037975","display_name":"Carbon nanotube metal matrix composites","level":4,"score":0.6071494221687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5082935690879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06865164637565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.200401218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560640234","https://openalex.org/W1894961193","https://openalex.org/W1965048941","https://openalex.org/W1965681883","https://openalex.org/W1969980202","https://openalex.org/W1972520334","https://openalex.org/W1976204563","https://openalex.org/W1989856919","https://openalex.org/W1990187902","https://openalex.org/W1994869187","https://openalex.org/W1995014451","https://openalex.org/W1996079531","https://openalex.org/W2004247138","https://openalex.org/W2008302913","https://openalex.org/W2009424230","https://openalex.org/W2009873089","https://openalex.org/W2041227214","https://openalex.org/W2047198737","https://openalex.org/W2065924998","https://openalex.org/W2073110701","https://openalex.org/W2079163836","https://openalex.org/W2105584562","https://openalex.org/W2117070417","https://openalex.org/W2123458535","https://openalex.org/W2127841706","https://openalex.org/W2482065154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075832124","https://openalex.org/W2007888066","https://openalex.org/W2003314050","https://openalex.org/W760994295","https://openalex.org/W1976315131","https://openalex.org/W2053367388","https://openalex.org/W2793489824","https://openalex.org/W2080129716","https://openalex.org/W2794060208","https://openalex.org/W2058881477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lack":[0],"of":[1,20],"matrix":[2,30,52],"dispersion":[3,49],"is":[4],"one":[5],"principle":[6],"reason":[7],"why":[8],"single-walled":[9],"carbon":[10],"nanotube":[11],"(SWNT)":[12],"composites":[13],"have":[14],"not":[15],"yielded":[16],"the":[17],"enormous":[18],"enhancement":[19],"mechanical":[21],"properties":[22],"predicted":[23],"by":[24],"theory.":[25],"Non-destructive":[26],"methods":[27],"for":[28],"gauging":[29],"dispersion,":[31],"using":[32],"near-IR":[33],"fluorescence":[34],"are":[35],"reported":[36],"(see":[37],"Figure),":[38],"along":[39],"with":[40],"new":[41],"materials":[42],"and":[43],"processes":[44],"that":[45],"exhibit":[46],"individual,":[47],"SWNT":[48],"in":[50],"a":[51],"at":[53],"relatively":[54],"high":[55],"loading":[56],"(up":[57],"to":[58],"20":[59],"vol.-%).":[60]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}