{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007483894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","title":"Efficient operation of a high-powerX-band gyroklystron","display_name":"Efficient operation of a high-powerX-band gyroklystron","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007483894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","mag":"2007483894","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10044915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047858214","display_name":"Wesley Lawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-0314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-0314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Lawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036485721","display_name":"Jeffrey P. Calame","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-7266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-7266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Calame","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028910799","display_name":"B.P. Hogan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Hogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068734949","display_name":"Peter Ellis Latham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. E. Latham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110224164","display_name":"Mike Read","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. E. Read","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087342124","display_name":"Victor L. Granatstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. L. Granatstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109056806","display_name":"Martin P. Reiser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Reiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048286189","display_name":"C. D. Striffler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. D. Striffler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Plasma Research and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9687666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"4","first_page":"520","last_page":"523"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroklystron","display_name":"gyroklystron","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-band","display_name":"X-band","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetron-injection-gun","display_name":"magnetron injection gun","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/te01-mode","display_name":"TE01 mode","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-power-microwave-amplification","display_name":"high-power microwave amplification","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency","display_name":"efficiency","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-signal-gain","display_name":"large-signal gain","score":0.9419999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94506165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863109","display_name":"Klystron","level":3,"score":0.7338497042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5447448492050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5090279579162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3659316301345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33609652519226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09871122241020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07207027077674866}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10044915","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10044915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:46018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/46018/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters , 67 (4) 520 - 523. (1991)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980053691","https://openalex.org/W1990107810","https://openalex.org/W1997204049","https://openalex.org/W2004691309","https://openalex.org/W2006479677","https://openalex.org/W2019320753","https://openalex.org/W2033901864","https://openalex.org/W2049284306","https://openalex.org/W2055156959","https://openalex.org/W2064379994","https://openalex.org/W2090995817","https://openalex.org/W2103013794","https://openalex.org/W2137914630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146701444","https://openalex.org/W1616971960","https://openalex.org/W1987101643","https://openalex.org/W2159593556","https://openalex.org/W2114658360","https://openalex.org/W2122042315","https://openalex.org/W2774002125","https://openalex.org/W2091047201","https://openalex.org/W2171464027","https://openalex.org/W2070717861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experimental":[0],"studies":[1],"of":[2,45,69],"amplification":[3],"in":[4,31,48,67,81],"a":[5,14,88],"two-cavity":[6],"X-band":[7],"gyroklystron":[8],"are":[9,55,66,80],"reported.":[10],"The":[11,77],"system":[12],"utilizes":[13],"thermionic":[15],"magnetron":[16],"injection":[17],"gun":[18],"at":[19,52],"voltages":[20],"up":[21,27],"to":[22,28],"440":[23],"kV":[24],"and":[25,60,71],"currents":[26],"190":[29],"A":[30],"1-\\ensuremath{\\mu}s":[32],"pulses.":[33],"Optimum":[34],"performance":[35],"is":[36],"achieved":[37],"by":[38],"tapering":[39],"the":[40,49],"magnetic-field":[41],"profile.":[42],"Peak":[43],"powers":[44],"20":[46],"MW":[47],"${\\mathrm{TE}}_{01}$":[50],"mode":[51],"9.87":[53],"GHz":[54],"measured":[56],"with":[57,61,84],"calibrated":[58],"crystals":[59],"methanol":[62],"calorimetry.":[63],"Resultant":[64],"efficiencies":[65],"excess":[68],"31%":[70],"large-signal":[72],"gains":[73],"surpass":[74],"26":[75],"dB.":[76],"experimental":[78],"results":[79,86],"good":[82],"agreement":[83],"simulated":[85],"from":[87],"partially":[89],"self-consistent,":[90],"nonlinear,":[91],"steady-state":[92],"code.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}