{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007473771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","title":"Synthesis of Polycrystalline Chalcopyrite Semiconductors by Microwave Irradiation","display_name":"Synthesis of Polycrystalline Chalcopyrite Semiconductors by Microwave Irradiation","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007473771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","mag":"2007473771","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17810208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085598401","display_name":"Christopher C. Landry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-8104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-8104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher C. Landry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058660064","display_name":"Andrew R. Barron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-8288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-8288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew R. Barron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96705092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"260","issue":"5114","first_page":"1653","last_page":"1655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12270","display_name":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chalcopyrite-semiconductors","display_name":"chalcopyrite semiconductors","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuins2","display_name":"CuInS2","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuinse2","display_name":"CuInSe2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-assisted-synthesis","display_name":"microwave-assisted synthesis","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycrystalline-thin-films","display_name":"polycrystalline thin films","score":0.8899999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778188036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111044","display_name":"Chalcopyrite","level":3,"score":0.945516049861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.8497459888458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.6991131901741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6734645366668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6412312984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.5250511169433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5219396948814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5105763673782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.5062417387962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010","display_name":"Quartz","level":2,"score":0.5027706623077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144082473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213185","display_name":"Stoichiometry","level":2,"score":0.48960214853286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.44486528635025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31424206495285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20341607928276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18668192625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.15741151571273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.15321996808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.15026697516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10129910707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07330495119094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5114.1653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17810208","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17810208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565592261","https://openalex.org/W2009026569","https://openalex.org/W2016103394","https://openalex.org/W2016894806","https://openalex.org/W2017773687","https://openalex.org/W2041071922","https://openalex.org/W2150412246","https://openalex.org/W4252943409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327571238","https://openalex.org/W2049496508","https://openalex.org/W2950902660","https://openalex.org/W2043008362","https://openalex.org/W2122017849","https://openalex.org/W2317825621","https://openalex.org/W1981978618","https://openalex.org/W2353508095","https://openalex.org/W2742774573","https://openalex.org/W2088704612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polycrystalline":[0],"samples":[1],"of":[2,14,58,82],"the":[3,15,59,67,80],"chalcopyrites":[4],"CulnS(2),":[5],"CulnSe(2),":[6],"and":[7,49,56],"CulnSSe":[8],"were":[9,23,37],"Prepared":[10],"from":[11,71],"stoichiometric":[12],"mixtures":[13],"pure":[16],"elements":[17],"by":[18,39,62],"microwave":[19],"irradiation.":[20],"The":[21,35,53],"reactions":[22],"performed":[24],"in":[25,29],"sealed":[26],"quartz":[27],"tubes":[28],"as":[30,32,85],"few":[31],"3":[33],"minutes.":[34],"products":[36,68],"analyzed":[38],"x-ray":[40,47,50],"diffraction,":[41],"scanning":[42],"electron":[43],"microscopy,":[44],"energy":[45],"dispersive":[46],"analysis,":[48],"photoelectron":[51],"spectroscopy.":[52],"surface":[54],"morphology":[55],"shape":[57],"particles":[60],"produced":[61],"this":[63],"method":[64,75],"suggest":[65],"that":[66],"are":[69],"formed":[70],"liquid":[72],"melts.":[73],"This":[74],"could":[76],"be":[77],"applied":[78],"to":[79],"production":[81],"bulk":[83],"chalcopyrite":[84],"sources":[86],"for":[87],"thin":[88],"film":[89],"growth.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
