{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007404549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/392611","title":"Models and Representation","display_name":"Models and Representation","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007404549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/392611","mag":"2007404549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/392611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/392611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/392611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147691735","display_name":"Philosophy of Science","issn_l":"0031-8248","issn":["0031-8248","1539-767X","1540-4684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028729905","display_name":"R. I. G. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-5059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-5059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. I. G. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028729905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":469,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99057469,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"S4","first_page":"S325","last_page":"S336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-modeling","display_name":"scientific modeling","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denotation","display_name":"denotation","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demonstrations","display_name":"demonstrations","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"interpretation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-predictions","display_name":"theoretical predictions","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-physics","display_name":"philosophy of physics","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149106765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1982453","display_name":"Denotation (semiotics)","level":3,"score":0.9257631301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7799583673477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7262612581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138379479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116876","display_name":"Scientific modelling","level":2,"score":0.5840244293212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5414211750030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.38107696175575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.35181567072868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17167699337005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13794928789138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07263055443763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60195","display_name":"Semiotics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/392611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/392611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/392611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147691735","display_name":"Philosophy of Science","issn_l":"0031-8248","issn":["0031-8248","1539-767X","1540-4684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14273341","https://openalex.org/W1603821589","https://openalex.org/W1995229190","https://openalex.org/W2058380691","https://openalex.org/W2318194823","https://openalex.org/W2324234347","https://openalex.org/W2515951737","https://openalex.org/W2613294978","https://openalex.org/W4245353148","https://openalex.org/W4254091289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737804092","https://openalex.org/W173912883","https://openalex.org/W7117854603","https://openalex.org/W3200220237","https://openalex.org/W2274913852","https://openalex.org/W1396338","https://openalex.org/W2887193023","https://openalex.org/W2069494571","https://openalex.org/W1986850215","https://openalex.org/W33188510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"general":[1],"account":[2,60],"of":[3,21,29,72],"modeling":[4],"in":[5,46,65],"physics":[6],"is":[7,10],"proposed.":[8],"Modeling":[9],"shown":[11],"to":[12,41,49,55,69],"involve":[13],"three":[14],"components:":[15],"denotation,":[16],"demonstration,":[17],"and":[18],"interpretation.":[19],"Elements":[20],"the":[22,30,32],"physical":[23],"world":[24],"are":[25,54],"denoted":[26],"by":[27],"elements":[28],"model;":[31],"model":[33],"possesses":[34],"an":[35],"internal":[36],"dynamic":[37],"that":[38,67],"allows":[39],"us":[40],"demonstrate":[42],"theoretical":[43],"conclusions;":[44],"these":[45],"turn":[47],"need":[48],"be":[50,62],"interpreted":[51],"if":[52],"we":[53],"make":[56],"predictions.":[57],"The":[58],"DDI":[59],"can":[61],"readily":[63],"extended":[64],"ways":[66],"correspond":[68],"different":[70],"aspects":[71],"scientific":[73],"practice.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}