{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007312409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","title":"Labour market flexibility in West Germany, Britain and France","display_name":"Labour market flexibility in West Germany, Britain and France","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007312409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","mag":"2007312409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01402388908424740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179028992","display_name":"West European Politics","issn_l":"0140-2382","issn":["0140-2382","1743-9655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West European Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109228157","display_name":"John Grahl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Grahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaches economics at Queen Mary College, University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaches economics at Queen Mary College, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082395030","display_name":"Paul Teague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-2198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-2198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Teague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow in Industrial Relations at Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield Institute of Techonology, ; Fulbright Scholar at Southeastern University of Massachusetts","Fulbright Scholar at Southeastern University of Massachusetts ,","Research Fellow in Industrial Relations at Cranfield School of Management , Cranfield Institute of Techonology ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow in Industrial Relations at Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield Institute of Techonology, ; Fulbright Scholar at Southeastern University of Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fulbright Scholar at Southeastern University of Massachusetts ,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow in Industrial Relations at Cranfield School of Management , Cranfield Institute of Techonology ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91433476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"91","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.11819999665021896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-flexibility","display_name":"labour market flexibility","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoliberal-policies","display_name":"neoliberal economic policy","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-relations","display_name":"labor relations","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thatcherism","display_name":"Thatcherism","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-germany","display_name":"West Germany","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/britain","display_name":"Great Britain","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-policy","display_name":"employment policy","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-labour-market-policy","display_name":"comparative labour market policy","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8078173995018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780498437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520878","display_name":"Labour market flexibility","level":3,"score":0.7706810832023621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.7220895290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6622700095176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6531703472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776255816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374379","display_name":"Employment protection legislation","level":3,"score":0.5992416739463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38104776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932071","display_name":"Industrial relations","level":2,"score":0.5898633003234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5287532210350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780431834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423438","display_name":"Flexicurity","level":2,"score":0.4603552222251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.42435306310653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3936442732810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3476709723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3451443016529083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.33790749311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33566319942474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3278084397315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.18634724617004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15360558032989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01402388908424740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179028992","display_name":"West European Politics","issn_l":"0140-2382","issn":["0140-2382","1743-9655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West European Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/cf352a11-6f1a-4891-92af-97aa8b166201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/cf352a11-6f1a-4891-92af-97aa8b166201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Grahl, J & Teague, P 1989, 'Labour Market Flexibility in West Germany, Britain and France', West European Politics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402388908424740","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135884069","https://openalex.org/W371367755","https://openalex.org/W562679187","https://openalex.org/W624356430","https://openalex.org/W906611917","https://openalex.org/W1490353502","https://openalex.org/W1506349247","https://openalex.org/W1559787369","https://openalex.org/W1977124460","https://openalex.org/W1979515268","https://openalex.org/W1992936960","https://openalex.org/W2002050008","https://openalex.org/W2029521157","https://openalex.org/W2032342464","https://openalex.org/W2034807044","https://openalex.org/W2052281534","https://openalex.org/W2094096727","https://openalex.org/W2123049993","https://openalex.org/W2130816362","https://openalex.org/W2160873641","https://openalex.org/W2261163704","https://openalex.org/W2613928730","https://openalex.org/W2767137750","https://openalex.org/W2791175713","https://openalex.org/W2800704152","https://openalex.org/W2915810757","https://openalex.org/W2977293230","https://openalex.org/W3021650613","https://openalex.org/W3025183203","https://openalex.org/W4232305252","https://openalex.org/W7052413081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2492772222","https://openalex.org/W3185176562","https://openalex.org/W2506020121","https://openalex.org/W2091748356","https://openalex.org/W2485176785","https://openalex.org/W7010040763","https://openalex.org/W1523667579","https://openalex.org/W2493776118","https://openalex.org/W4383741894","https://openalex.org/W7097418023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"resolve":[1],"the":[2,11,28,38,56,68,78,90,128,144,158],"high":[3],"unemployment":[4],"rates":[5],"in":[6,34,46,64,116,127,178],"many":[7],"Western":[8,179],"European":[9],"countries,":[10],"notion":[12,29],"of":[13,30,67,92,105,132,160],"labour":[14,31,148],"market":[15,32,149],"flexibility":[16,33,61,106,150],"has":[17,43,99,119],"been":[18,44,100,120],"gaining":[19],"favour":[20],"with":[21],"academics":[22],"and":[23,36,50,76,110,138,154],"policy\u2010makers.":[24],"This":[25],"article":[26,141],"examines":[27],"detail":[35],"assesses":[37,143],"extent":[39,145],"to":[40,72,89,122,146,157,173],"which":[41,147],"it":[42,169],"implemented":[45],"West":[47],"Germany,":[48],"Britain":[49,65],"France.":[51],"It":[52],"is":[53],"argued":[54],"that":[55],"most":[57],"significant":[58],"developments":[59],"towards":[60],"have":[62],"occurred":[63],"because":[66,77,113],"Thatcher":[69],"government's":[70],"commitment":[71],"neo\u2010liberal":[73,125],"economic":[74],"policies":[75],"\u2018voluntarist\u2019":[79],"British":[80],"industrial":[81,134],"relations":[82,135],"system":[83],"does":[84],"not":[85],"represent":[86],"a":[87,94,102,123,152],"barrier":[88],"pursuit":[91],"such":[93],"policy.":[95],"By":[96],"contrast,":[97],"there":[98],"only":[101],"partial":[103],"incorporation":[104],"initiatives":[107],"within":[108],"Germany":[109],"France":[111],"largely":[112],"no":[114],"government":[115],"either":[117],"country":[118],"committed":[121],"full":[124],"assault":[126],"existing":[129],"dense":[130],"array":[131],"national":[133],"institutions,":[136],"norms":[137],"legislation.":[139],"The":[140],"also":[142],"represents":[151],"coherent":[153],"workable":[155],"approach":[156],"challenge":[159],"resolving":[161],"unemployment.":[162],"In":[163],"several":[164],"important":[165],"respects,":[166],"we":[167],"find":[168],"an":[170],"inadequate":[171],"policy":[172],"help":[174],"restore":[175],"employment":[176],"growth":[177],"Europe.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}