{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007309902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","title":"Factors affecting the reactivity of coal chars during gasification, and indices representing reactivity","display_name":"Factors affecting the reactivity of coal chars during gasification, and indices representing reactivity","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007309902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","mag":"2007309902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164770093","display_name":"Fuel","issn_l":"0016-2361","issn":["0016-2361","1873-7153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fuel","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2007309902"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002893992","display_name":"Kouichi Miura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-5231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-5231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kouichi Miura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103440672","display_name":"Kenji Hashimoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029854311","display_name":"Peter Lewis Silveston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter L. Silveston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":327,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95588998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"11","first_page":"1461","last_page":"1475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.16769999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14428","display_name":"Coal and Coke Industries Research","score":0.08900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-char-gasification","display_name":"coal char gasification","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/char-reactivity","display_name":"char reactivity","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steam-gasification","display_name":"steam gasification","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-blown-gasification","display_name":"oxygen gasification","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-gasification","display_name":"CO2 gasification","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-rank","display_name":"coal rank","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemisorbed-oxygen","display_name":"chemisorbed oxygen","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site","display_name":"active site","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-dispersion","display_name":"metal dispersion","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-selectivity","display_name":"product selectivity","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.7965806722640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776910235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18574","display_name":"Reactivity (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.7344345450401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.6624655723571777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.6471120715141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.645137369632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21434488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900614","display_name":"Carbochemistry","level":4,"score":0.6203979253768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20950531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161940","display_name":"Heteroatom","level":3,"score":0.4872263967990875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.4847080707550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86021790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909968","display_name":"Coal gasification","level":3,"score":0.4532145857810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779970684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11567121","display_name":"Char","level":3,"score":0.4457976520061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4138433337211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3578699231147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221979","display_name":"Coal liquefaction","level":3,"score":0.3151031732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.23560833930969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.19796296954154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(89)90046-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164770093","display_name":"Fuel","issn_l":"0016-2361","issn":["0016-2361","1873-7153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fuel","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125083285","https://openalex.org/W184048685","https://openalex.org/W587675634","https://openalex.org/W1560428456","https://openalex.org/W1567153990","https://openalex.org/W1572368681","https://openalex.org/W1577668134","https://openalex.org/W1584298895","https://openalex.org/W1967562475","https://openalex.org/W1968266881","https://openalex.org/W1971554780","https://openalex.org/W1971772351","https://openalex.org/W1975271169","https://openalex.org/W1975971500","https://openalex.org/W1979036033","https://openalex.org/W1982185565","https://openalex.org/W1985234606","https://openalex.org/W1985497156","https://openalex.org/W1986425864","https://openalex.org/W1993472334","https://openalex.org/W1996517868","https://openalex.org/W1997885043","https://openalex.org/W1997959184","https://openalex.org/W2000449624","https://openalex.org/W2000800495","https://openalex.org/W2002535333","https://openalex.org/W2005722017","https://openalex.org/W2006471318","https://openalex.org/W2011463185","https://openalex.org/W2016763032","https://openalex.org/W2026258569","https://openalex.org/W2026674148","https://openalex.org/W2027701112","https://openalex.org/W2028803044","https://openalex.org/W2029508889","https://openalex.org/W2029701583","https://openalex.org/W2033306909","https://openalex.org/W2037764183","https://openalex.org/W2039196198","https://openalex.org/W2040831918","https://openalex.org/W2042377443","https://openalex.org/W2043281734","https://openalex.org/W2044997497","https://openalex.org/W2046696764","https://openalex.org/W2047545972","https://openalex.org/W2048788824","https://openalex.org/W2049401353","https://openalex.org/W2065735134","https://openalex.org/W2066465891","https://openalex.org/W2066662505","https://openalex.org/W2067717226","https://openalex.org/W2067746980","https://openalex.org/W2068251011","https://openalex.org/W2068578290","https://openalex.org/W2068715787","https://openalex.org/W2074701768","https://openalex.org/W2075192339","https://openalex.org/W2075954018","https://openalex.org/W2076769696","https://openalex.org/W2089682235","https://openalex.org/W2090068906","https://openalex.org/W2091976270","https://openalex.org/W2093427042","https://openalex.org/W2094487882","https://openalex.org/W2099133086","https://openalex.org/W2258069402","https://openalex.org/W2288673206","https://openalex.org/W2313086009","https://openalex.org/W2318118210","https://openalex.org/W2318533419","https://openalex.org/W2323772163","https://openalex.org/W2324744968","https://openalex.org/W2325007952","https://openalex.org/W2326369608","https://openalex.org/W2334560573","https://openalex.org/W2501092723","https://openalex.org/W2513552207","https://openalex.org/W2570874349","https://openalex.org/W3120250597","https://openalex.org/W4231343115","https://openalex.org/W4236017432","https://openalex.org/W4255445688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075954018","https://openalex.org/W2325007952","https://openalex.org/W2320406929","https://openalex.org/W2050150111","https://openalex.org/W3055097704","https://openalex.org/W2070803218","https://openalex.org/W1577243980","https://openalex.org/W196401329","https://openalex.org/W2071524246","https://openalex.org/W2318533419"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}