{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007259668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014565889","title":"Incorporating Marginal Citizens and Voters","display_name":"Incorporating Marginal Citizens and Voters","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007259668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014565889","mag":"2007259668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0010414014565889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014565889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014565889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105556297","display_name":"Comparative Political Studies","issn_l":"0010-4140","issn":["0010-4140","1552-3829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Political Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089865158","display_name":"Matthew L. Layton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-5278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-5278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew L. Layton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","#N# 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071771064","display_name":"Amy Erica Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-153X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-153X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Erica Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","#N# 2Iowa State University, Ames, IA. USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 2Iowa State University, Ames, IA. USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":54.1833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99754552,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"7","first_page":"854","last_page":"881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9067000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9067000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10777","display_name":"Politics and Society in Latin America","score":0.06469999998807907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-assistance","display_name":"social assistance","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-assistance-programs","display_name":"public assistance programs","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-turnout","display_name":"voter turnout","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-effects","display_name":"electoral consequences","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbent-support","display_name":"incumbent support","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compulsory-voting","display_name":"compulsory voting","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-mobilization","display_name":"voter mobilization","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasion","display_name":"persuasion","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-rationality","display_name":"bounded rationality","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrospective-voting","display_name":"retrospective voting","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-cash-transfers","display_name":"conditional cash transfers","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.74281907081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.685599684715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781310500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231428","display_name":"Persuasion","level":2,"score":0.6849883794784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.6421563625335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5637642741203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5563807487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.533594012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.510672390460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5101842880249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.5078175663948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.48478764295578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.45018282532691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177324205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540376","display_name":"Voting behavior","level":4,"score":0.4329744279384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3632078468799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33411484956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21411457657814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14626577496528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11743089556694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0010414014565889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014565889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014565889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105556297","display_name":"Comparative Political Studies","issn_l":"0010-4140","issn":["0010-4140","1552-3829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Political Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6100000143051147}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309151","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91447225","https://openalex.org/W264598336","https://openalex.org/W562243588","https://openalex.org/W580798279","https://openalex.org/W644198549","https://openalex.org/W652010746","https://openalex.org/W990406078","https://openalex.org/W1510177425","https://openalex.org/W1511996118","https://openalex.org/W1515038079","https://openalex.org/W1570465563","https://openalex.org/W1604702040","https://openalex.org/W1827167646","https://openalex.org/W1890347600","https://openalex.org/W1975569080","https://openalex.org/W1980981581","https://openalex.org/W1985356778","https://openalex.org/W1989330029","https://openalex.org/W1990241611","https://openalex.org/W2002846354","https://openalex.org/W2009111523","https://openalex.org/W2020694618","https://openalex.org/W2024011519","https://openalex.org/W2024168968","https://openalex.org/W2031893556","https://openalex.org/W2057618787","https://openalex.org/W2064312914","https://openalex.org/W2081829936","https://openalex.org/W2104776366","https://openalex.org/W2105309626","https://openalex.org/W2108360848","https://openalex.org/W2111770475","https://openalex.org/W2113998636","https://openalex.org/W2114577549","https://openalex.org/W2124298601","https://openalex.org/W2126455851","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2138077558","https://openalex.org/W2141125801","https://openalex.org/W2146319564","https://openalex.org/W2149791711","https://openalex.org/W2151387905","https://openalex.org/W2152503461","https://openalex.org/W2156351396","https://openalex.org/W2157979842","https://openalex.org/W2159617538","https://openalex.org/W2172299554","https://openalex.org/W2316318579","https://openalex.org/W2316882623","https://openalex.org/W2320409660","https://openalex.org/W2606468547","https://openalex.org/W3011865677","https://openalex.org/W3121845429","https://openalex.org/W3122333679","https://openalex.org/W3122435767","https://openalex.org/W3175534598","https://openalex.org/W4213034237","https://openalex.org/W4230927399","https://openalex.org/W4245922810","https://openalex.org/W4254949819","https://openalex.org/W4255400209","https://openalex.org/W4292908603","https://openalex.org/W4300170376","https://openalex.org/W4377079553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550428108","https://openalex.org/W2181458709","https://openalex.org/W2097831394","https://openalex.org/W2786769256","https://openalex.org/W2157840549","https://openalex.org/W2901231044","https://openalex.org/W2944606990","https://openalex.org/W4388557609","https://openalex.org/W2247772004","https://openalex.org/W2725625433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,70],"study":[4],"how":[5,29],"social":[6,109],"assistance":[7,80],"shapes":[8],"election":[9],"results":[10],"across":[11],"Latin":[12,130],"America.":[13],"Case":[14],"studies":[15],"in":[16],"several":[17],"countries":[18],"have":[19],"found":[20],"electoral":[21,35,106],"effects,":[22],"yet":[23],"it":[24],"remains":[25],"unclear":[26],"whether":[27,34],"and":[28,33,49,63,101,145],"effects":[30,36,57,107,112],"vary":[31,58,115],"cross-nationally,":[32],"are":[37,124,133],"due":[38],"to":[39,85,93],"mobilization":[40],"or":[41,119],"persuasion.":[42],"We":[43],"theorize":[44],"that":[45,55,76,78,129],"programs":[46],"mobilize":[47],"non-voters":[48],"convert":[50],"the":[51,56,91,96,105,127],"opposition":[52],"simultaneously,":[53],"but":[54,111],"based":[59],"on":[60,142],"country-level":[61],"political":[62],"programmatic":[64],"differences.":[65],"Using":[66],"2012":[67],"AmericasBarometer":[68],"data,":[69],"develop":[71],"a":[72],"unified":[73],"cross-national":[74],"model":[75],"confirms":[77],"public":[79],"makes":[81],"recipients":[82],"more":[83],"likely":[84],"turn":[86],"out":[87],"and,":[88],"once":[89],"at":[90],"polls,":[92],"vote":[94],"for":[95],"incumbent.":[97],"Compulsory":[98],"voting":[99],"laws":[100],"program":[102,120],"politicization":[103],"magnify":[104],"of":[108],"assistance,":[110],"do":[113],"not":[114],"by":[116],"presidential":[117],"ideology":[118],"conditionalities.":[121],"These":[122],"findings":[123],"consistent":[125],"with":[126],"perspective":[128],"American":[131],"voters":[132],"boundedly":[134],"rational,":[135],"retrospective":[136],"agents":[137],"whose":[138],"behavioral":[139],"choices":[140],"depend":[141],"their":[143],"resources":[144],"environmental":[146],"context.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
