{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007254565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2915259","title":"Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium","display_name":"Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007254565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2915259","mag":"2007254565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.2915259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2915259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2915259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180907581","display_name":"Physics Today","issn_l":"0031-9228","issn":["0031-9228","1945-0699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081332896","display_name":"Ferdinand G. Brickwedde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ferdinand G. Brickwedde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081332896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89405723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"9","first_page":"34","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13297","display_name":"History and advancements in chemistry","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deuterium","display_name":"deuterium","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotope-discovery","display_name":"isotope discovery","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-nuclear-physics","display_name":"history of nuclear physics","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-chemistry","display_name":"history of chemistry","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-models","display_name":"nuclear models","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamic-modeling","display_name":"thermodynamic modeling","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-errors","display_name":"scientific errors","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missed-opportunities","display_name":"missed opportunities","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58364064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102296","display_name":"Deuterium","level":2,"score":0.7474937438964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.39009344577789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3395598232746124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.31782543659210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30167338252067566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.2915259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2915259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2915259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180907581","display_name":"Physics Today","issn_l":"0031-9228","issn":["0031-9228","1945-0699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Today","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008014818","https://openalex.org/W2008594852","https://openalex.org/W2023546985","https://openalex.org/W2035264337","https://openalex.org/W2040962713","https://openalex.org/W2055914721","https://openalex.org/W2328963764","https://openalex.org/W2799406582","https://openalex.org/W4245940296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005507542","https://openalex.org/W4240591551","https://openalex.org/W7140637536","https://openalex.org/W7207127486","https://openalex.org/W2136980525","https://openalex.org/W2503629412","https://openalex.org/W4312435812","https://openalex.org/W1987518146","https://openalex.org/W4247858383","https://openalex.org/W595515902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"was":[1],"on":[2],"Thanksgiving":[3],"day":[4],"in":[5,63],"1931":[6],"that":[7,48,58,77],"Harold":[8],"Clayton":[9],"Urey":[10],"found":[11],"definitive":[12],"evidence":[13],"of":[14,18,22,27,31,43,53,60,71,82,84],"a":[15,25,41,98],"heavy":[16],"isotope":[17],"hydrogen.":[19],"Urey's":[20],"discovery":[21],"deuterium":[23],"is":[24,39],"story":[26,42],"the":[28,54,64,69,72,80,90],"fruitful":[29],"use":[30],"primitive":[32],"nuclear":[33],"and":[34,46,74,93],"thermodynamic":[35],"models.":[36],"But":[37],"it":[38],"also":[40],"missed":[44],"opportunity":[45],"errors\u2014errors":[47],"are":[49],"particularly":[50],"interesting":[51],"because":[52],"crucial":[55],"positive":[56],"role":[57],"some":[59],"them":[61],"played":[62],"discovery.":[65],"A":[66],"look":[67],"at":[68],"nature":[70],"theoretical":[73],"experimental":[75],"work":[76],"led":[78],"to":[79],"detection":[81],"hydrogen":[83],"mass":[85],"2":[86],"reveals":[87],"much":[88],"about":[89],"way":[91],"physics":[92],"chemistry":[94],"were":[95],"done":[96],"half":[97],"century":[99],"ago.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}