{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007247618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","title":"Heraklas on Knots: Sixteen Surgical Nooses and Knots from the First Century A.D.","display_name":"Heraklas on Knots: Sixteen Surgical Nooses and Knots from the First Century A.D.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007247618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","mag":"2007247618","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18224483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60318618","display_name":"World Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0364-2313","issn":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069063538","display_name":"J. Joris Hage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-0702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-0702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898336195","display_name":"The Netherlands Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03xqtf034","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898336195"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Joris Hage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Surgical Oncological Disciplines the Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2010Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Plesmanlaan 121 NL\u20101066 Amsterdam CX The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Surgical Oncological Disciplines the Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2010Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Plesmanlaan 121 NL\u20101066 Amsterdam CX The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898336195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069063538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898336195"],"apc_list":{"value":4000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96198372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"648","last_page":"655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.05590000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-knots","display_name":"surgical knots","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-surgery","display_name":"history of surgery","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-greek-medicine","display_name":"ancient Greek medicine","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-medicine","display_name":"Roman medicine","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-medicine","display_name":"Byzantine medicine","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hellenistic-medicine","display_name":"Hellenistic medicine","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suture-technique","display_name":"suture technique","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.8022422790527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104562893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47591","display_name":"Byzantine architecture","level":2,"score":0.5948489308357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.5006341934204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.48884886503219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45957231521606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36746954917907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07520097494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06931549310684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013514","descriptor_name":"Surgical Procedures, Operative","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014143","descriptor_name":"Traction","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014143","descriptor_name":"Traction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018612","descriptor_name":"Byzantium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049669","descriptor_name":"History, 16th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049691","descriptor_name":"History, Medieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9359-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60318618","display_name":"World Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0364-2313","issn":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18224483","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18224483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World journal of surgery","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1291835","https://openalex.org/W52248205","https://openalex.org/W77751667","https://openalex.org/W94791961","https://openalex.org/W100720772","https://openalex.org/W146441341","https://openalex.org/W174490186","https://openalex.org/W219234225","https://openalex.org/W575253494","https://openalex.org/W624101135","https://openalex.org/W1486727332","https://openalex.org/W1501746342","https://openalex.org/W1713376825","https://openalex.org/W1837396533","https://openalex.org/W1967809625","https://openalex.org/W1971409446","https://openalex.org/W1978684491","https://openalex.org/W1981246847","https://openalex.org/W1991441754","https://openalex.org/W2009616700","https://openalex.org/W2013061324","https://openalex.org/W2021654373","https://openalex.org/W2030492857","https://openalex.org/W2033727783","https://openalex.org/W2039962870","https://openalex.org/W2041819680","https://openalex.org/W2051785349","https://openalex.org/W2054895211","https://openalex.org/W2056519269","https://openalex.org/W2065424725","https://openalex.org/W2069070312","https://openalex.org/W2069899730","https://openalex.org/W2078513998","https://openalex.org/W2087903370","https://openalex.org/W2090609576","https://openalex.org/W2099497915","https://openalex.org/W2118091472","https://openalex.org/W2168242857","https://openalex.org/W2333062106","https://openalex.org/W2406653975","https://openalex.org/W2409006631","https://openalex.org/W2409896723","https://openalex.org/W2411055674","https://openalex.org/W2414187981","https://openalex.org/W2414533168","https://openalex.org/W2414919566","https://openalex.org/W2415254443","https://openalex.org/W2418878369","https://openalex.org/W2460832372","https://openalex.org/W2465559581","https://openalex.org/W2733143340","https://openalex.org/W3023621724","https://openalex.org/W4243103608","https://openalex.org/W4245669210","https://openalex.org/W4248607417","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396144987","https://openalex.org/W2463611001","https://openalex.org/W1863885844","https://openalex.org/W2467454078","https://openalex.org/W4388334608","https://openalex.org/W2428463824","https://openalex.org/W2429420476","https://openalex.org/W2399172067","https://openalex.org/W7043706530","https://openalex.org/W7006277137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,8,40,54,66,77,86,91],"first":[2],"century":[3],"of":[4,44,65,70,81,99,104,107,115,125,130],"our":[5],"common":[6],"era,":[7],"Greek":[9,63],"physician":[10],"Heraklas":[11],"wrote":[12],"a":[13,105,151],"brief":[14],"essay":[15,72],"on":[16],"how":[17],"to":[18,47,163],"tie":[19],"16":[20,117],"knots":[21,101,118],"and":[22,26,33,42,51,119,127,147,154,174],"nooses":[23,120],"for":[24,96,137],"surgical":[25,108,158],"orthopedic":[27],"purposes.":[28],"His":[29],"work":[30],"is":[31,142],"reintroduced":[32],"discussed":[34],"here":[35],"because":[36],"its":[37],"place":[38],"in":[39,53],"origin":[41],"evolution":[43],"surgery":[45],"needs":[46],"be":[48,161,164],"properly":[49],"acknowledged":[50],"recorded":[52],"current":[55,97],"medical":[56],"literature.":[57],"To":[58],"do":[59],"so,":[60],"Raeder's":[61],"definitive":[62],"edition":[64],"oldest":[67],"extant":[68],"manuscripts":[69],"Heraklas'":[71,100,116],"was":[73,94,111],"studied":[74],"along":[75],"with":[76],"various":[78],"illustrated":[79],"interpretations":[80],"his":[82],"text":[83],"published":[84],"over":[85],"last":[87],"six":[88],"centuries.":[89],"Moreover,":[90],"contemporary":[92],"literature":[93],"searched":[95],"applications":[98],"by":[102],"use":[103],"database":[106],"knots.":[109],"It":[110],"found":[112,162],"that":[113,128,144],"seven":[114],"were":[121],"still":[122],"applied":[123],"surgically":[124],"late,":[126],"four":[129],"these":[131],"have":[132],"even":[133],"been":[134],"recently":[135],"rediscovered":[136],"such":[138],"applications.":[139],"Therefore,":[140],"it":[141],"concluded":[143],"Hellenistic,":[145],"Roman,":[146],"Byzantine":[148],"medicine":[149],"had":[150],"rich":[152],"knowledge":[153],"high":[155],"standards.":[156],"Contemporary":[157],"techniques":[159],"may":[160],"truly":[165],"ancient":[166],"if":[167],"we":[168],"search":[169],"deep":[170],"enough,":[171,173],"far":[172],"long":[175],"enough.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}