{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007244878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","title":"The hardness and strain-hardening of Plasticine","display_name":"The hardness and strain-hardening of Plasticine","publication_year":1951,"publication_date":"1951-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007244878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","mag":"2007244878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156194824","display_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0508-3443","issn":["0508-3443","2057-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074090341","display_name":"George W. Scott Blair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G W Scott Blair","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000605480","display_name":"M. Baron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Baron","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20186335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"71","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.45410001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.45410001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11366","display_name":"Elasticity and Material Modeling","score":0.1371999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":0.08969999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasticine","display_name":"plasticine","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-hardening","display_name":"strain hardening","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indentation","display_name":"indentation","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-stress","display_name":"yield stress","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-recovery","display_name":"elastic recovery","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials","display_name":"soft materials","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-deformation","display_name":"plastic deformation","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909911872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840688","display_name":"Plasticine","level":2,"score":0.9866386651992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154141","display_name":"Indentation","level":2,"score":0.7318243980407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6252915263175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776704300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501203","display_name":"Work hardening","level":3,"score":0.5297312140464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5216832160949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156413551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621123","display_name":"Strain hardening exponent","level":2,"score":0.4643189609050751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44255700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978423","display_name":"Hardening (computing)","level":3,"score":0.43044519424438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.37645500898361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09915760159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0949631929397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/3/302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156194824","display_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0508-3443","issn":["0508-3443","2057-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044158811","https://openalex.org/W2052427990","https://openalex.org/W2118284846","https://openalex.org/W2129896885","https://openalex.org/W2844739951","https://openalex.org/W3171086977","https://openalex.org/W4249286624","https://openalex.org/W4255996821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164084347","https://openalex.org/W1978902036","https://openalex.org/W977597817","https://openalex.org/W921443897","https://openalex.org/W2048458049","https://openalex.org/W2497773247","https://openalex.org/W2106780625","https://openalex.org/W2003371096","https://openalex.org/W2122793750","https://openalex.org/W2249015956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0,77],"Plasticine":[1,124,150],"is":[2,79,106,121,140],"loaded":[3],"with":[4,96],"a":[5,9,43,144,153],"sphere":[6],"indenter":[7],"at":[8,38],"series":[10],"of":[11,34,47,84,91,117,132,138,158],"increasing":[12,31],"loads,":[13,40],"time":[14,73],"being":[15],"allowed":[16],"for":[17,143],"the":[18,23,82,99,115,133,136],"indentation":[19,85],"virtually":[20],"to":[21,108,114,147],"cease,":[22],"yield-values":[24],"increase":[25,60,87],"markedly.":[26],"Meyer":[27,100],"coefficients,":[28],"while":[29],"apparently":[30],"from":[32],"values":[33],"less":[35,110],"than":[36,111],"2.0":[37],"small":[39],"soon":[41],"reach":[42],"constant":[44],"high":[45],"value":[46],"about":[48],"3.5":[49],"and,":[50],"except":[51],"perhaps":[52],"after":[53],"very":[54,154],"long":[55],"times":[56],"when":[57],"they":[58],"may":[59],"still":[61],"further,":[62],"remain":[63],"approximately":[64],"constant.":[65],"But":[66],"in":[67,88,128],"such":[68],"experiments,":[69],"stress,":[70],"strain":[71],"and":[72],"are":[74],"all":[75],"varying.":[76],"stress":[78],"maintained":[80],"constant,":[81],"rate":[83],"(i.e.":[86],"projected":[89],"area":[90],"indent)":[92],"progressively":[93],"slows":[94],"down":[95],"time;":[97],"but":[98,135],"exponent":[101],"obtained":[102],"under":[103],"these":[104],"conditions":[105],"found":[107],"be":[109,148],"2.0.":[112],"Contrary":[113],"views":[116],"earlier":[118],"workers,":[119],"it":[120],"concluded":[122],"that":[123],"does":[125],"work-harden":[126],"considerably":[127],"most":[129],"accepted":[130],"senses":[131],"term":[134],"definition":[137],"\"work-hardening\"":[139],"too":[141],"vague":[142],"categorical":[145],"statement":[146],"made.":[149],"also":[151],"shows":[152],"slow":[155],"elastic":[156],"recovery":[157],"considerable":[159],"magnitude.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}