{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007233606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","title":"Asphyxial Deaths","display_name":"Asphyxial Deaths","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007233606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","mag":"2007233606","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16738432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32487399","display_name":"American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology","issn_l":"0195-7910","issn":["0195-7910","1533-404X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066515972","display_name":"Derya Azmak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-5148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-5148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12387023","display_name":"Trakya University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa0xn82","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Derya Azmak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forensic Medicine, Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey","Manuscript received May 5, 2005","accepted January 26, 2006","the Department of Forensic Medicine, Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manuscript received May 5, 2005","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"accepted January 26, 2006","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Forensic Medicine, Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066515972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51048951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"134","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11824","display_name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphyxial-death","display_name":"asphyxial death","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hanging","display_name":"hanging","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drowning","display_name":"drowning","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide-poisoning","display_name":"carbon monoxide poisoning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligature-strangulation","display_name":"ligature strangulation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-strangulation","display_name":"manual strangulation","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide","display_name":"suicide","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violent-death","display_name":"violent death","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-autopsy","display_name":"forensic autopsy","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manner-of-death","display_name":"manner of death","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7133654952049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779914510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193840","display_name":"Asphyxia","level":2,"score":0.6879435181617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992133957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2438541","display_name":"Manner of death","level":4,"score":0.49941587448120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.4752863645553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.47064799070358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779504383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41482","display_name":"Autopsy","level":2,"score":0.4498528242111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781119925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125367","display_name":"Carbon monoxide poisoning","level":3,"score":0.4325553774833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140505726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495304","display_name":"Forensic science","level":2,"score":0.4269936978816986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3940078616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.35244423151016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.313956081867218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.2919203042984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.28533872961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.12904292345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12220385670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.05855482816696167}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000402","descriptor_name":"Airway Obstruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001237","descriptor_name":"Asphyxia","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002249","descriptor_name":"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004332","descriptor_name":"Drowning","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005554","descriptor_name":"Forensic Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013405","descriptor_name":"Suicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014421","descriptor_name":"Turkey","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017677","descriptor_name":"Age Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017678","descriptor_name":"Sex Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019838","descriptor_name":"Neck Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32487399","display_name":"American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology","issn_l":"0195-7910","issn":["0195-7910","1533-404X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16738432","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16738432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acikerisim.trakya.edu.tr:20.500.14551/22433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000221082.72186.2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401406","display_name":"Trakya University's Institutional Open Access System (Trakya University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12387023","host_organization_name":"Trakya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1326194","https://openalex.org/W36958715","https://openalex.org/W110383401","https://openalex.org/W126099373","https://openalex.org/W134693237","https://openalex.org/W205809441","https://openalex.org/W282852298","https://openalex.org/W1493640426","https://openalex.org/W1501412449","https://openalex.org/W1531061216","https://openalex.org/W1536836537","https://openalex.org/W1549738868","https://openalex.org/W1575545631","https://openalex.org/W1641530448","https://openalex.org/W1658246383","https://openalex.org/W1749837578","https://openalex.org/W1847726217","https://openalex.org/W1850040317","https://openalex.org/W1905461118","https://openalex.org/W1963505303","https://openalex.org/W1965175415","https://openalex.org/W1970911572","https://openalex.org/W1972199766","https://openalex.org/W1976974875","https://openalex.org/W1981740150","https://openalex.org/W1984536449","https://openalex.org/W1985803685","https://openalex.org/W1989821034","https://openalex.org/W1989960625","https://openalex.org/W1990907999","https://openalex.org/W1992268728","https://openalex.org/W1992653603","https://openalex.org/W1993963943","https://openalex.org/W1994885605","https://openalex.org/W1995527569","https://openalex.org/W1996315300","https://openalex.org/W1996719552","https://openalex.org/W1997997188","https://openalex.org/W2000924480","https://openalex.org/W2002034847","https://openalex.org/W2002672743","https://openalex.org/W2006221348","https://openalex.org/W2008211609","https://openalex.org/W2009691713","https://openalex.org/W2010638097","https://openalex.org/W2013366371","https://openalex.org/W2019003556","https://openalex.org/W2019076281","https://openalex.org/W2019198675","https://openalex.org/W2021763307","https://openalex.org/W2023820986","https://openalex.org/W2024554308","https://openalex.org/W2025711817","https://openalex.org/W2029635052","https://openalex.org/W2029761083","https://openalex.org/W2031478862","https://openalex.org/W2033991273","https://openalex.org/W2037756706","https://openalex.org/W2038661525","https://openalex.org/W2040119385","https://openalex.org/W2040795902","https://openalex.org/W2041977602","https://openalex.org/W2043429759","https://openalex.org/W2044738183","https://openalex.org/W2046390821","https://openalex.org/W2052053272","https://openalex.org/W2052058872","https://openalex.org/W2052528773","https://openalex.org/W2052805154","https://openalex.org/W2054858803","https://openalex.org/W2055439725","https://openalex.org/W2057141726","https://openalex.org/W2067773077","https://openalex.org/W2072003799","https://openalex.org/W2072472392","https://openalex.org/W2073147559","https://openalex.org/W2076176643","https://openalex.org/W2083252482","https://openalex.org/W2084350725","https://openalex.org/W2090628221","https://openalex.org/W2095119424","https://openalex.org/W2097391341","https://openalex.org/W2097408431","https://openalex.org/W2098747747","https://openalex.org/W2104501830","https://openalex.org/W2109717937","https://openalex.org/W2139752844","https://openalex.org/W2140597807","https://openalex.org/W2148533680","https://openalex.org/W2149060998","https://openalex.org/W2152601366","https://openalex.org/W2154063731","https://openalex.org/W2170764987","https://openalex.org/W2270336077","https://openalex.org/W2274044478","https://openalex.org/W2287974015","https://openalex.org/W2312264065","https://openalex.org/W2316824589","https://openalex.org/W2320152801","https://openalex.org/W2325052442","https://openalex.org/W2407343558","https://openalex.org/W2555182911","https://openalex.org/W4231172555","https://openalex.org/W4242280781","https://openalex.org/W4245155842","https://openalex.org/W4249774404","https://openalex.org/W4250004988","https://openalex.org/W4251805443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003873131","https://openalex.org/W186702951","https://openalex.org/W2969813196","https://openalex.org/W2156533701","https://openalex.org/W2948217309","https://openalex.org/W2001178822","https://openalex.org/W2115329494","https://openalex.org/W3001905296","https://openalex.org/W4396714603","https://openalex.org/W3201299285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increasing":[1],"death":[2,96,147],"rate":[3],"as":[4,115],"a":[5,10],"result":[6],"of":[7,23,50,61,66,86,94,124,137,146,151],"violence":[8,29],"constitutes":[9],"large":[11],"group":[12],"in":[13,28,148],"medicolegal":[14],"autopsies.":[15],"Specially,":[16],"deaths":[17,45,58],"due":[18],"to":[19,38,134,142],"asphyxia":[20],"are":[21,69],"one":[22],"the":[24,32,48,67,77,88,135,144,149,152],"most":[25,91],"important":[26],"causes":[27],"deaths.":[30],"During":[31],"21-year":[33],"period":[34],"from":[35],"January":[36],"1984":[37],"October":[39],"2004,":[40],"there":[41],"were":[42],"134":[43],"asphyxial":[44,126],"autopsied":[46],"by":[47,103],"Department":[49],"Forensic":[51],"Medicine,":[52],"Trakya":[53],"University,":[54],"Edirne,":[55],"Turkey.":[56],"Asphyxial":[57],"comprise":[59],"15.7%":[60],"all":[62,87,125],"forensic":[63],"autopsies;":[64],"20.8%":[65],"cases":[68],"aged":[70],"between":[71],"30":[72],"and":[73,76,106,122],"39":[74],"years,":[75],"average":[78],"age":[79],"was":[80,131,140],"41.9":[81],"years.":[82],"Males":[83],"constitute":[84,120],"79.8%":[85],"cases.":[89,153],"The":[90],"frequent":[92],"method":[93],"asphyxiation":[95],"is":[97],"hanging":[98],"(56":[99],"cases,":[100],"41.8%),":[101],"followed":[102],"drowning":[104],"(30.5%)":[105],"carbon":[107],"monoxide":[108],"poisoning":[109],"(8.2%).":[110],"More":[111],"violent":[112],"methods,":[113],"such":[114],"ligature":[116],"or":[117],"manual":[118],"strangulations,":[119],"2.9%":[121],"2.3%":[123],"deaths,":[127],"respectively.":[128],"Although":[129],"it":[130],"varying":[132],"according":[133],"methods":[136],"asphyxiation,":[138],"suicide":[139],"found":[141],"be":[143],"manner":[145],"majority":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}