{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007217217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","title":"Inequalities in health in Britain: specific explanations in three Lancashire towns.","display_name":"Inequalities in health in Britain: specific explanations in three Lancashire towns.","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007217217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","mag":"2007217217","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3105726","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1245805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/294/6574/749.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/294/6574/749.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107893943","display_name":"D. J. P. Barker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801388914","display_name":"Southampton General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/011cztj49","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801388914","https://openalex.org/I2802965805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D J Barker","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,","Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801388914"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085083937","display_name":"Clive Osmond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-4655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-4655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801388914","display_name":"Southampton General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/011cztj49","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801388914","https://openalex.org/I2802965805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Osmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,","Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801388914"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98292502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"294","issue":"6574","first_page":"749","last_page":"752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-mortality","display_name":"adult mortality","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-mortality","display_name":"infant mortality","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-health","display_name":"maternal health","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-feeding","display_name":"infant feeding","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing","display_name":"housing","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcrowding","display_name":"overcrowding","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postnatal-environment","display_name":"postnatal environment","score":0.8790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778872837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113614","display_name":"Overcrowding","level":2,"score":0.9209403991699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7254167795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.614187479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5736095905303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5290464758872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112299071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835884","display_name":"Infant mortality","level":3,"score":0.5140234231948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778708355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690702","display_name":"Health Survey for England","level":3,"score":0.4278348684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3610404133796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2504393458366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1518271565437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09707334637641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09420886635780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006798","descriptor_name":"Housing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007226","descriptor_name":"Infant Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/294/6574/749.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3105726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3105726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1245805","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1245805/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1246504","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1246504/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bmj:294/6574/749","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/294/6574/749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"mag:2516502772","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/29526440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.749","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/294/6574/749.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007217217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007217217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81119506","https://openalex.org/W1969235931","https://openalex.org/W2007936439","https://openalex.org/W2024721963","https://openalex.org/W2068838667","https://openalex.org/W2137033966","https://openalex.org/W2151028417","https://openalex.org/W2188630068","https://openalex.org/W4235241896","https://openalex.org/W4238516480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516502772","https://openalex.org/W2000161911","https://openalex.org/W2051552982","https://openalex.org/W2032064719","https://openalex.org/W2170095165","https://openalex.org/W2160254930","https://openalex.org/W2791884234","https://openalex.org/W2088031751","https://openalex.org/W6999349361","https://openalex.org/W7135700532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"reasons":[1],"why":[2],"mortality":[3],"is":[4,22,74],"higher":[5],"in":[6,20,31,45,70,79,85,101],"the":[7,34,46,86],"poorer":[8],"areas":[9],"of":[10,25,36,59,98],"Britain":[11],"are":[12,48],"largely":[13],"unknown.":[14],"Thus":[15],"how":[16],"to":[17,67],"reduce":[18],"inequalities":[19],"health":[21,81],"a":[23],"matter":[24],"conjecture.":[26],"In":[27],"three":[28],"neighbouring":[29],"towns":[30,47],"northern":[32],"England":[33,54],"rates":[35,62],"death":[37],"from":[38],"all":[39],"causes":[40],"differ":[41],"greatly.":[42],"Socioeconomic":[43],"conditions":[44],"similar":[49],"though":[50],"below":[51],"average":[52],"for":[53],"and":[55,65,82,84,93],"Wales.":[56],"pattern":[58],"disease":[60],"specific":[61],"was":[63],"analysed":[64],"related":[66],"past":[68,77],"differences":[69,78,100],"infant":[71,90],"mortality.":[72,103],"It":[73],"suggested":[75],"that":[76],"maternal":[80],"physique":[83],"postnatal":[87],"environment,":[88],"particularly":[89],"feeding,":[91],"housing,":[92],"overcrowding,":[94],"may":[95],"be":[96],"determinants":[97],"current":[99],"adult":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
