{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007179327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008222","title":"Histogram specification as a method of density modification","display_name":"Histogram specification as a method of density modification","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007179327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008222","mag":"2007179327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1107/s0021889888008222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79162954","display_name":"Journal of Applied Crystallography","issn_l":"0021-8898","issn":["0021-8898","1600-5767"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Crystallography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007378854","display_name":"Robert W. Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-1214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-1214"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. W. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007378854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5110,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5110},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17644666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"949","last_page":"952"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-matching","display_name":"histogram matching","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-modification","display_name":"density modification","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density-maps","display_name":"electron density maps","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-maps","display_name":"Fourier maps","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"normal distribution","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density-distribution","display_name":"electron density distribution","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-crystallography","display_name":"protein crystallography","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution-enhancement","display_name":"resolution enhancement","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7786954641342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.62188720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5910788774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.4928555488586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4599975049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.42273014783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.34964269399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3439573645591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.3213196098804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30728575587272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2744218111038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22818657755851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22297793626785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1753809154033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16813504695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.128820538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07150527834892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1107/s0021889888008222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79162954","display_name":"Journal of Applied Crystallography","issn_l":"0021-8898","issn":["0021-8898","1600-5767"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Crystallography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111388722","https://openalex.org/W2007730754","https://openalex.org/W4206867471","https://openalex.org/W2035472815","https://openalex.org/W2157947553","https://openalex.org/W1605551542","https://openalex.org/W2058409527","https://openalex.org/W7100378486","https://openalex.org/W2043341221","https://openalex.org/W4245727476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"method":[2,17,54],"for":[3,61],"improving":[4],"the":[5,9,25,35,53,57,62],"quality":[6],"and":[7],"extending":[8],"resolution":[10],"of":[11,24,30,52,71],"Fourier":[12],"maps":[13],"is":[14,18,37,45,67,76],"described.":[15,77],"The":[16,28,42,50],"based":[19],"on":[20],"a":[21,68],"histogram":[22],"analysis":[23],"electron":[26,31,58],"density.":[27],"distribution":[29,44],"density":[32,59],"values":[33],"in":[34],"map":[36,60],"forced":[38],"to":[39,47,55],"be":[40,48],"`ideal'.":[41],"`ideal'":[43],"assumed":[46],"Gaussian.":[49],"application":[51],"improve":[56],"protein":[63],"Acinetobacter":[64],"asparaginase,":[65],"which":[66],"tetrameric":[69],"enzyme":[70],"molecular":[72],"weight":[73],"140000":[74],"daltons,":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
