{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007161239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","title":"Smallholders, institutional services, and commercial transformation in Ethiopia","display_name":"Smallholders, institutional services, and commercial transformation in Ethiopia","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007161239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","mag":"2007161239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021753800","display_name":"Berhanu Gebremedhin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-2783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-2783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58422712","display_name":"International Livestock Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxjwb74","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I58422712"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Berhanu Gebremedhin","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58422712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002668478","display_name":"Moti Jaleta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-4018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-4018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58422712","display_name":"International Livestock Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxjwb74","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I58422712"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moti Jaleta","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58422712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037657443","display_name":"Dirk A. Hoekstra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-6627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-6627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58422712","display_name":"International Livestock Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01jxjwb74","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I58422712"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Hoekstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58422712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021753800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58422712"],"apc_list":{"value":4030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4030},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.9433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9876676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"s1","first_page":"773","last_page":"787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farming","display_name":"smallholder farming","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-services","display_name":"institutional services","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-credit","display_name":"agricultural credit","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-supply","display_name":"input supply","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-extension","display_name":"agricultural extension","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"commercialization","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-use","display_name":"fertilizer use","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agrochemicals","display_name":"agrochemicals","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/improved-seed-adoption","display_name":"improved seed adoption","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-productivity","display_name":"crop productivity","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-participation","display_name":"market participation","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.777999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166866094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307251","display_name":"Tobit model","level":2,"score":0.8814823627471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5956482887268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777481183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770787","display_name":"Market access","level":3,"score":0.5760765075683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5437243580818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.537621796131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5113198757171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770823","display_name":"Market orientation","level":2,"score":0.49152883887290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.4781002700328827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.4633164405822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184314375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117995","display_name":"Probit","level":2,"score":0.4533223509788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67257552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635217","display_name":"Probit model","level":2,"score":0.42282766103744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4088551998138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.39260268211364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2828708589076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.23347315192222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.14940214157104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1280776858329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11861956119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:agecon:v:40:y:2009:i:s1:p:773-787","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00414.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cgspace.cgiar.org:10568/338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10568/338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402055","display_name":"CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1286583668","host_organization_name":"CGIAR","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gebremedhin, B.; Jaleta, M.; Hoekstra, D. 2009. Smallholders, institutional services, and commercial transformation in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics. v. 40(s1). p. 773 - 787.","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195907867","https://openalex.org/W623893103","https://openalex.org/W1539132201","https://openalex.org/W1543108288","https://openalex.org/W1567972132","https://openalex.org/W1576148413","https://openalex.org/W1588147370","https://openalex.org/W1602452626","https://openalex.org/W1643912239","https://openalex.org/W1755572315","https://openalex.org/W1980014716","https://openalex.org/W1982962855","https://openalex.org/W2013053900","https://openalex.org/W2013995008","https://openalex.org/W2028012570","https://openalex.org/W2040521459","https://openalex.org/W2057254198","https://openalex.org/W2081338264","https://openalex.org/W2084921474","https://openalex.org/W2093228997","https://openalex.org/W2097471604","https://openalex.org/W2112275996","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W4214838230","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276344858","https://openalex.org/W2278489310","https://openalex.org/W2145019293","https://openalex.org/W304359688","https://openalex.org/W2502881505","https://openalex.org/W123217912","https://openalex.org/W3217610493","https://openalex.org/W221600881","https://openalex.org/W2292146243","https://openalex.org/W7204540822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,16,43,52,59,78,103,125,155,161,183,186,190],"role":[5,140],"of":[6,9,21,38,54,61,80,84,86,105,120,127,166,185,192],"institutional":[7,134,156],"services":[8,57,108,136,157],"credit,":[10],"input":[11],"supply,":[12],"and":[13,66,124,145,153,163,175],"extension":[14],"in":[15,24,29,35,141,169,189],"overall":[17],"commercial":[18],"transformation":[19],"process":[20],"smallholder":[22,143,167],"agriculture":[23,168],"Ethiopia.":[25,170],"Survey":[26],"data":[27],"collected":[28],"2006":[30],"from":[31],"309":[32],"sample":[33],"households":[34],"three":[36],"districts":[37],"Ethiopia":[39],"are":[40,48,99,178],"used":[41,49,72,116],"for":[42,64,160],"analyses.":[44],"Tobit":[45],"regression":[46],"models":[47],"to":[50,56,73,101,107,117,133,181],"measure":[51,74],"effect":[53,104],"access":[55,106,132],"on":[58,77,109],"intensity":[60],"inputs":[62],"use":[63,85],"fertilizer":[65],"agrochemicals.":[67],"A":[68],"probit":[69],"model":[70],"is":[71,88,115,158],"these":[75],"effects":[76],"adoption":[79],"improved":[81],"seeds.":[82],"Intensity":[83],"seeds":[87],"analyzed":[89],"using":[90],"an":[91],"ordinary":[92],"least":[93],"squares":[94],"model.":[95],"Logarithmic":[96],"Cobb\u2013Douglass":[97],"functions":[98],"estimated":[100],"analyze":[102],"crop":[110],"productivity.":[111],"Heckman's":[112],"two\u2010stage":[113],"estimation":[114],"examine":[118],"determinants":[119],"household":[121],"market":[122,146,164],"participation":[123],"extents":[126],"participation.":[128],"Results":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131,151],"support":[135],"plays":[137],"a":[138],"significant":[139],"enhancing":[142],"productivity":[144],"orientation.":[147],"Our":[148],"results":[149],"imply":[150],"expanding":[152],"strengthening":[154],"critical":[159],"intensification":[162],"orientation":[165],"In":[171],"particular,":[172],"appropriate":[173],"incentives":[174],"regulatory":[176],"systems":[177],"urgently":[179],"needed":[180],"encourage":[182],"involvement":[184],"private":[187],"sector":[188],"provision":[191],"agricultural":[193],"services.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}