{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007138561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2011.0017","title":"\u201cLegend and History Have Met and Fused\u201d: The Interlocution of Anthropology, Historiography, and Incarnation in J.R.R. Tolkien\u2019s \u201cOn Fairy-stories\u201d","display_name":"\u201cLegend and History Have Met and Fused\u201d: The Interlocution of Anthropology, Historiography, and Incarnation in J.R.R. Tolkien\u2019s \u201cOn Fairy-stories\u201d","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007138561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2011.0017","mag":"2007138561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/tks.2011.0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2011.0017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2011.0017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140784434","display_name":"Tolkien studies","issn_l":"1547-3155","issn":["1547-3155","1547-3163"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316147","host_organization_name":"West Virginia University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316147"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["West Virginia University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tolkien Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077865000","display_name":"Philip Irving Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-2131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-2131"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Irving Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077865000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.8484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98167979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12586","display_name":"Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies","score":0.3935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12586","display_name":"Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies","score":0.3935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13167","display_name":"Historical, Literary, and Cultural Studies","score":0.15770000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12680","display_name":"Cultural and Mythological Studies","score":0.08739999681711197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1200","display_name":"General Arts and Humanities"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j-r-r-tolkien","display_name":"J. R. R. Tolkien","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-fairy-stories","display_name":"On Fairy-Stories","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christopher-dawson","display_name":"Christopher Dawson","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owen-barfield","display_name":"Owen Barfield","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-k-chesterton","display_name":"G. K. Chesterton","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-theory","display_name":"theory of history","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropology","display_name":"anthropology","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarnation","display_name":"incarnation","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eschatology","display_name":"eschatology","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myth","display_name":"myth","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairy-tales","display_name":"fairy tales","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fantasy","display_name":"fantasy","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desacralization","display_name":"desacralization","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darwinism","display_name":"Darwinism","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientification","display_name":"scientification","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-transcendent","display_name":"transcendent","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myth-and-history","display_name":"myth and history","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eschatological-hope","display_name":"eschatological hope","score":0.46399998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780446828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41374","display_name":"Incarnation","level":2,"score":0.8958368897438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776142151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44342","display_name":"Legend","level":2,"score":0.848329484462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29598333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50675","display_name":"Historiography","level":2,"score":0.8444130420684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.6560053825378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.44908612966537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.3503935933113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.257438987493515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.22454342246055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.06288981437683105}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/tks.2011.0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2011.0017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2011.0017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140784434","display_name":"Tolkien studies","issn_l":"1547-3155","issn":["1547-3155","1547-3163"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316147","host_organization_name":"West Virginia University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316147"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["West Virginia University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tolkien Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/434386","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/434386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W233969103","https://openalex.org/W387116789","https://openalex.org/W572333959","https://openalex.org/W574873078","https://openalex.org/W595390705","https://openalex.org/W597868153","https://openalex.org/W606449936","https://openalex.org/W627689982","https://openalex.org/W631455937","https://openalex.org/W634667518","https://openalex.org/W657540895","https://openalex.org/W1491707282","https://openalex.org/W1501556842","https://openalex.org/W1516581298","https://openalex.org/W1519882735","https://openalex.org/W1551903139","https://openalex.org/W1560595058","https://openalex.org/W1567720348","https://openalex.org/W1575743494","https://openalex.org/W1576201560","https://openalex.org/W1576819368","https://openalex.org/W1593551567","https://openalex.org/W1602509606","https://openalex.org/W1608770906","https://openalex.org/W1968606879","https://openalex.org/W2023854492","https://openalex.org/W2026803240","https://openalex.org/W2030351396","https://openalex.org/W2051932678","https://openalex.org/W2094543001","https://openalex.org/W2250944445","https://openalex.org/W2330268183","https://openalex.org/W2330865807","https://openalex.org/W2527760552","https://openalex.org/W3173685178","https://openalex.org/W3196261897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215418571","https://openalex.org/W7133441869","https://openalex.org/W4298439185","https://openalex.org/W2980499648","https://openalex.org/W7094960373","https://openalex.org/W3216406234","https://openalex.org/W3167279551","https://openalex.org/W4206774888","https://openalex.org/W2891343050","https://openalex.org/W3147436011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"Legend":[0],"and":[1,5,12,45,56,71,96,110,121,128,159,170,200,206,222,234,270,293,338,346,358,418,448,559,573,581,622,625,648,658],"History":[2],"Have":[3],"Met":[4],"Fused\":":[6],"The":[7,275,638],"Interlocution":[8],"of":[9,25,62,79,148,154,161,190,194,220,230,282,290,314,320,326,336,344,352,355,383,390,396,402,437,452,468,472,477,500,557,567,613,631,654],"Anthropology,":[10],"Historiography,":[11],"Incarnation":[13],"in":[14,167,175,197,211,239,259,279,399,412,464,521,529,540,547,561,597],"J.R.R.":[15,66],"Tolkien's":[16,255],"\"On":[17,64,240],"Fairy-stories\"":[18],"Philip":[19],"Irving":[20],"Mitchell":[21],"(bio)":[22],"Spiritual":[23],"alienation":[24],"its":[26,42],"own":[27,378],"greatest":[28],"minds":[29],"is":[30,46,204,408],"the":[31,68,76,146,151,155,157,162,164,171,180,195,218,251,284,312,318,333,341,350,353,400,434,450,462,465,525,530,538,548,562,614,629,643],"price":[32],"that":[33,209,307,316,331,339,414,429,471],"every":[34,168],"civilization":[35],"has":[36],"to":[37,216,250,375,393,410,421,554],"pay":[38],"when":[39],"it":[40],"loses":[41],"religious":[43],"foundations,":[44],"contented":[47],"with":[48,74,112,213,263,267,301,439,569,611],"a":[49,59,84,191,214,280,427,503,513,518,627],"purely":[50,504],"material":[51],"success.":[52],"\u2014Christopher":[53],"Dawson,":[54],"Progress":[55,95,120],"Religion":[57],"In":[58,98],"1939":[60],"draft":[61],"his":[63,302,377],"Fairy-stories,\"":[65,241],"Tolkien,":[67,417],"fantasy":[69,223],"writer":[70],"philologist,":[72],"noted":[73],"interest":[75],"words,":[77],"\"ocean":[78],"supernatural":[80],"energy\"":[81],"(OFS":[82],"182),":[83],"phrase":[85],"from":[86,119],"Catholic":[87],"historian":[88],"Christopher":[89],"Dawson's":[90],"widely":[91],"praised":[92],"1929":[93],"study":[94],"Religion.":[97],"later":[99,129],"drafts":[100],"composed":[101],"around":[102],"1943,":[103],"Tolkien":[104,210,299],"jotted":[105],"down":[106],"even":[107,419],"more":[108],"words":[109],"phrases":[111],"this":[113,362],"same":[114,644],"import,":[115],"many":[116,565],"as":[117,177,179,188,248,626],"well":[118,178],"Religion:":[122],"\"Power/Beauty/Zauberfluidum/Sanctus":[123],"sanctus":[124],"dominus":[125],"deus":[126],"saboath\"":[127],"still,":[130],"\"Zauberfluidum":[131],"Brahman":[132],"R.t.a.":[133],"Wakan":[134],"Orenda\"":[135],"(263).":[136],"As":[137],"conceptual":[138],"sequences,":[139],"these":[140,187,373,478,533],"are":[141,237],"quite":[142],"striking.":[143],"They":[144],"include":[145],"ideas":[147],"magical":[149],"potency;":[150],"ultimate":[152],"reality":[153],"universe;":[156,163],"order":[158],"equity":[160],"divine":[165,172,514,519],"power":[166,173,219,310],"object,":[169],"diffused":[174],"nature,":[176],"traditional":[181],"Latin":[182],"Sanctus.":[183],"Dawson":[184,420],"had":[185,430,456,602,603],"mustered":[186],"examples":[189],"common":[192,394],"intuition":[193],"transcendent":[196],"all":[198,607],"past":[199],"present":[201,238],"cultures.":[202],"It":[203,407],"strange":[205],"yet":[207,254,432,461],"fitting":[208],"struggling":[212],"language":[215],"describe":[217],"Faerie":[221],"would":[224],"do":[225],"so":[226],"while":[227],"pondering":[228],"theories":[229],"history.1":[231],"While":[232],"history":[233],"historical":[235,273],"theory":[236],"they":[242,552],"have":[243],"typically":[244],"not":[245,261,431],"been":[246],"judged":[247],"integral":[249],"essay's":[252],"meaning,":[253],"important":[256,297,305,409],"essay":[257],"was":[258,277,474],"conversation":[260],"only":[262],"Dawson's,":[264],"but":[265],"also":[266],"Owen":[268],"Barfield":[269],"G.K.":[271],"Chesterton's":[272],"theories.2":[274],"fantasist":[276],"addressing":[278],"number":[281],"ways":[283],"desacralization":[285],"implied":[286],"by":[287,575],"twentieth-century":[288],"views":[289,480,535],"history,":[291],"anthropology,":[292,619],"culture.":[294],"Despite":[295,524],"their":[296,387],"differences,":[298,388],"shared":[300],"interlocutors":[303],"an":[304,509],"pattern":[306],"relocated":[308],"spiritual":[309],"at":[311,349],"center":[313,351],"culture;":[315],"questioned":[317],"impact":[319,335],"current":[321,660],"understandings":[322],"(and":[323],"perhaps":[324],"misunderstandings)":[325],"Darwinism":[327],"on":[328,443,458,606],"human":[329,655],"meaning;":[330],"rejected":[332],"dehumanizing":[334],"scientification;":[337],"placed":[340],"Christian":[342,549],"doctrines":[343],"incarnation":[345],"eschatological":[347],"hope":[348],"meaning":[354,511,558],"myth,":[356],"religion,":[357,621],"history.":[359,523],"By":[360],"highlighting":[361],"pattern,":[363],"I":[364],"believe":[365],"we":[366],"can":[367],"better":[368],"see":[369],"why":[370,647],"he":[371],"chose":[372],"writers":[374],"buttress":[376],"[End":[379],"Page":[380],"1]":[381],"defense":[382],"fantasy,":[384],"for":[385,635],"despite":[386],"each":[389,636],"them":[391,501],"appealed":[392],"patterns":[395],"theological":[397],"resistance":[398],"face":[401],"evolutionary":[403,522,563,595],"doctrines.":[404],"Accommodating":[405],"Evolution":[406],"keep":[411],"mind":[413],"Barfield,":[415],"Chesterton,":[416],"some":[422,507],"extent,":[423],"were":[424,481,571,641],"writing":[425],"within":[426,578],"context":[428],"absorbed":[433],"1920s-to-30s":[435],"synthesis":[436,528],"neo-Darwinism":[438],"Gregor":[440],"Mendel's":[441],"work":[442],"population":[444],"genetics.":[445],"Between":[446],"1890":[447],"1920,":[449],"mechanism":[451],"natural":[453],"selection":[454],"itself":[455],"fallen":[457],"hard":[459],"times,":[460],"belief":[463],"directional":[466],"transmutation":[467],"species,":[469],"including":[470,544],"humanity,":[473],"wide-spread.":[475],"Most":[476],"non-Darwinian":[479],"\"purpose-driven\"":[482],"models\u2014neo-Lamarckianism,":[483],"recapitulationism,":[484],"theistic":[485],"evolution,":[486,488],"emergent":[487,510],"orthogenesis,":[489],"Henri":[490],"Bergson's":[491],"elan":[492],"vital,":[493],"Alfred":[494],"North":[495],"Whitehead's":[496],"process":[497],"philosophy.":[498],"All":[499],"denied":[502],"random":[505],"state,":[506],"finding":[508],"without":[512],"intent,":[515],"others":[516],"seeing":[517],"plan":[520],"new":[526],"arising":[527],"scientific":[531],"mainstream,":[532],"earlier":[534],"continued":[536],"into":[537],"1930s":[539],"various":[541],"popular":[542],"forms,":[543],"forms":[545,601],"received":[546],"churches.":[550],"Because":[551],"seemed":[553],"offer":[555],"evidence":[556],"value":[560],"process,":[564],"marriages":[566],"quasi-teleology":[568],"evolution":[570],"accepted":[572],"promoted":[574],"theists,":[576],"especially":[577],"liberal":[579],"Protestantism":[580],"modernist":[582],"Roman":[583],"Catholicism":[584],"(Bowler":[585],"Evolution,":[586],"chapter":[587,590],"8\u20139;":[588],"Reconciling,":[589],"4).":[591],"More":[592],"broadly":[593],"speaking,":[594],"thinking":[596],"both":[598],"pre-and":[599],"post-Darwinian":[600],"great":[604],"influence":[605],"those":[608],"fields":[609],"concerned":[610],"accounts":[612],"supernatural:":[615],"folklore":[616],"studies,":[617],"philology,":[618],"comparative":[620,623],"mythology,":[624],"result,":[628],"question":[630],"origins":[632],"became":[633],"paramount":[634],"discipline.":[637],"chief":[639],"questions":[640],"essentially":[642],"across":[645],"fields:":[646],"under":[649],"what":[650],"conditions":[651],"did":[652],"elements":[653],"culture":[656],"evolve,":[657],"could":[659],"\"primitive\"":[661],"cultures...":[662]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
