{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007101778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0190","title":"Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp.","display_name":"Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007101778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0190","mag":"2007101778","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18943924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1094/phyto-96-0190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85201822","display_name":"Phytopathology","issn_l":"0031-949X","issn":["0031-949X","1943-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320276","host_organization_name":"American Phytopathological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Phytopathological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytopathology\u00ae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013402296","display_name":"Gary E. Harman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-5659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-5659"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary E. Harman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corresponding author: G. E. Harman; E-mail address: \r\n                    E-mail Address:\r\n                    [email\u00a0protected]","E-mail address: \n                    E-mail Address:\n                    [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corresponding author: G. E. Harman; E-mail address: \r\n                    E-mail Address:\r\n                    [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-mail address: \n                    E-mail Address:\n                    [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013402296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.8684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99650958,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":"2","first_page":"190","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10076","display_name":"Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10076","display_name":"Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10451","display_name":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichoderma","display_name":"Trichoderma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-control","display_name":"biological control","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycoparasitism","display_name":"mycoparasitism","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiosis","display_name":"antibiosis","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-systemic-resistance","display_name":"induced systemic resistance","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-enzymes","display_name":"antifungal enzymes","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitinase","display_name":"chitinase","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-1-3-glucanase","display_name":"\u03b2-1,3-glucanase","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-promotion","display_name":"plant growth promotion","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-uptake","display_name":"nutrient uptake","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype-specific-effects","display_name":"genotype-specific effects","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-pathogen-interaction","display_name":"plant-pathogen interaction","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenic-disease-resistance","display_name":"transgenic disease resistance","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9391078948974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780214302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135322","display_name":"Trichoderma","level":2,"score":0.8609223365783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14225744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770530","display_name":"Antibiosis","level":3,"score":0.7831236124038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780778831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424099","display_name":"Chitinase","level":3,"score":0.6324737071990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572295","display_name":"Glucanase","level":3,"score":0.5329353213310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104727253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116890","display_name":"Biological pest control","level":2,"score":0.47950392961502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4616739749908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93678976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4215946","display_name":"Plant disease resistance","level":3,"score":0.4480222463607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3778015971183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.3686325252056122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.32040712237358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.2044709324836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11446544528007507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08107134699821472}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1094/phyto-96-0190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85201822","display_name":"Phytopathology","issn_l":"0031-949X","issn":["0031-949X","1943-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320276","host_organization_name":"American Phytopathological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Phytopathological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytopathology\u00ae","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18943924","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18943924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytopathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517361896","https://openalex.org/W1588089018","https://openalex.org/W1596912450","https://openalex.org/W1635409144","https://openalex.org/W1899998086","https://openalex.org/W1969012581","https://openalex.org/W1969399731","https://openalex.org/W1977859366","https://openalex.org/W1980796725","https://openalex.org/W1985128381","https://openalex.org/W2005447139","https://openalex.org/W2015531008","https://openalex.org/W2019359173","https://openalex.org/W2024453837","https://openalex.org/W2027390224","https://openalex.org/W2037822163","https://openalex.org/W2050400621","https://openalex.org/W2051856743","https://openalex.org/W2054075526","https://openalex.org/W2055081731","https://openalex.org/W2057537722","https://openalex.org/W2068173223","https://openalex.org/W2068874524","https://openalex.org/W2072374252","https://openalex.org/W2092370623","https://openalex.org/W2092930210","https://openalex.org/W2093042980","https://openalex.org/W2094596680","https://openalex.org/W2106728858","https://openalex.org/W2117933268","https://openalex.org/W2119495059","https://openalex.org/W2139212076","https://openalex.org/W2156924490","https://openalex.org/W2157790769","https://openalex.org/W2157946288","https://openalex.org/W2159721623","https://openalex.org/W2166618055","https://openalex.org/W2257981813","https://openalex.org/W2288370768","https://openalex.org/W2312445155","https://openalex.org/W2312674673","https://openalex.org/W2335441869","https://openalex.org/W2997248482","https://openalex.org/W3016160400","https://openalex.org/W3163876211","https://openalex.org/W4244479446","https://openalex.org/W4250507371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501228250","https://openalex.org/W4312888441","https://openalex.org/W4385354741","https://openalex.org/W1029889221","https://openalex.org/W2502082938","https://openalex.org/W2367536399","https://openalex.org/W3043772638","https://openalex.org/W6987814909","https://openalex.org/W3119355102","https://openalex.org/W1508147882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Fungi":[1],"in":[2,112,120,132,157,161],"the":[3,12,27,41,57,76,92,96,99,102,134,211,223],"genus":[4],"Trichoderma":[5,60,93,150],"have":[6,32,176],"been":[7,33],"known":[8],"since":[9],"at":[10,130],"least":[11,131],"1920s":[13],"for":[14,30,49,118,165,215,228],"their":[15],"ability":[16],"to":[17,35,114,147,154,220],"act":[18],"as":[19],"biocontrol":[20],"agents":[21],"against":[22],"plant":[23,123,162],"pathogens.":[24],"Until":[25],"recently,":[26],"principal":[28],"mechanisms":[29],"control":[31,167,230],"assumed":[34],"be":[36,155],"those":[37],"primarily":[38],"acting":[39],"upon":[40],"pathogens":[42],"and":[43,47,51,79,83,101,125,141,168,190,204,222,231],"included":[44],"mycoparasitism,":[45],"antibiosis,":[46],"competition":[48],"resources":[50],"space.":[52],"Recent":[53],"advances":[54],"demonstrate":[55],"that":[56,87,178],"effects":[58],"of":[59,91,104,116,173,185],"on":[61],"plants,":[62,121],"including":[63,188],"induced":[64],"systemic":[65],"or":[66],"localized":[67],"resistance,":[68],"are":[69,106,152,195,226],"also":[70,175],"very":[71],"important.":[72],"These":[73,193],"fungi":[74,180],"colonize":[75],"root":[77],"epidermis":[78],"outer":[80],"cortical":[81],"layers":[82],"release":[84],"bioactive":[85],"molecules":[86],"cause":[88],"walling":[89],"off":[90],"thallus.":[94],"At":[95],"same":[97],"time,":[98],"transcriptome":[100],"proteome":[103],"plants":[105,218],"substantially":[107],"altered.":[108],"As":[109],"a":[110,182],"consequence,":[111],"addition":[113],"induction":[115],"pathways":[117],"resistance":[119],"increased":[122,135],"growth":[124,136],"nutrient":[126],"uptake":[127],"occur.":[128],"However,":[129],"maize,":[133],"response":[137],"is":[138],"genotype":[139],"specific,":[140],"some":[142,148],"maize":[143],"inbreds":[144],"respond":[145],"negatively":[146],"strains.":[149],"spp.":[151],"beginning":[153],"used":[156],"reasonably":[158],"large":[159],"quantities":[160],"agriculture,":[163],"both":[164],"disease":[166],"yield":[169],"increases.":[170],"The":[171,208],"studies":[172],"mycoparasitism":[174],"demonstrated":[177],"these":[179],"produce":[181],"rich":[183],"mixture":[184],"antifungal":[186,202],"enzymes,":[187,203],"chitinases":[189],"beta-1,3":[191],"glucanases.":[192],"enzymes":[194,212,224],"synergistic":[196],"with":[197,200,205],"each":[198],"other,":[199],"other":[201,206,232],"materials.":[207],"genes":[209],"encoding":[210],"appear":[213],"useful":[214],"producing":[216],"transgenic":[217],"resistant":[219],"diseases":[221],"themselves":[225],"beneficial":[227],"biological":[229],"processes.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":43}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
