{"id":"https://openalex.org/W200706652","doi":null,"title":"Obesity. Part II--Treatment.","display_name":"Obesity. Part II--Treatment.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W200706652","mag":"200706652","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3074556","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1026533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1026533","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1026533","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1026533/pdf/westjmed00135-0053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1026533/pdf/westjmed00135-0053.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047527237","display_name":"George A. Bray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-8772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-8772"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G A Bray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113682415","display_name":"D. S. Gray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D S Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01506373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"149","issue":"5","first_page":"555","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10569","display_name":"Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes","score":0.4171999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.051500000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-treatment","display_name":"obesity treatment","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-modification","display_name":"behavior modification","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-low-calorie-diet","display_name":"very low calorie diet","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-supervision","display_name":"medical supervision","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-bypass","display_name":"gastric bypass","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-therapy","display_name":"dietary therapy","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6650278568267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75908981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28578","display_name":"Appetite","level":2,"score":0.6437803506851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5898245573043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5435064435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.525194525718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018559029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811041","display_name":"Lifestyle modification","level":3,"score":0.43684279918670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019402062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813603","display_name":"Gastric bypass","level":4,"score":0.4190226197242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37854456901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3515951931476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.30804529786109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17979225516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12287601828575134}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1026533","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1026533","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1026533/pdf/westjmed00135-0053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:195856","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1026533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:3074556","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3074556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Western journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:200706652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3074556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1026533","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1026533","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1026533/pdf/westjmed00135-0053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W200706652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W200706652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14990605","https://openalex.org/W109763714","https://openalex.org/W146207121","https://openalex.org/W215518146","https://openalex.org/W1592828162","https://openalex.org/W1702099534","https://openalex.org/W1805719908","https://openalex.org/W1826493165","https://openalex.org/W1837342020","https://openalex.org/W1921439692","https://openalex.org/W1954907213","https://openalex.org/W1965873212","https://openalex.org/W1970878235","https://openalex.org/W1973852095","https://openalex.org/W1977038754","https://openalex.org/W1982172078","https://openalex.org/W1983791931","https://openalex.org/W1985004943","https://openalex.org/W1985230518","https://openalex.org/W1993200661","https://openalex.org/W1994037374","https://openalex.org/W1994766322","https://openalex.org/W1996999131","https://openalex.org/W2002741599","https://openalex.org/W2015096201","https://openalex.org/W2015197437","https://openalex.org/W2023199146","https://openalex.org/W2026326688","https://openalex.org/W2031210070","https://openalex.org/W2031833842","https://openalex.org/W2038164002","https://openalex.org/W2038569635","https://openalex.org/W2039508339","https://openalex.org/W2046673942","https://openalex.org/W2047238366","https://openalex.org/W2051550355","https://openalex.org/W2061247371","https://openalex.org/W2063570175","https://openalex.org/W2066447919","https://openalex.org/W2076107556","https://openalex.org/W2076567055","https://openalex.org/W2084227710","https://openalex.org/W2097281713","https://openalex.org/W2097531478","https://openalex.org/W2097590641","https://openalex.org/W2098235474","https://openalex.org/W2101455138","https://openalex.org/W2102239109","https://openalex.org/W2107154075","https://openalex.org/W2120147841","https://openalex.org/W2122525973","https://openalex.org/W2131674801","https://openalex.org/W2131762764","https://openalex.org/W2133748006","https://openalex.org/W2144999134","https://openalex.org/W2166897642","https://openalex.org/W2231625852","https://openalex.org/W2279683201","https://openalex.org/W2289586083","https://openalex.org/W2316589811","https://openalex.org/W2350261090","https://openalex.org/W2394619697","https://openalex.org/W2394706872","https://openalex.org/W2396998814","https://openalex.org/W2399194231","https://openalex.org/W2400655906","https://openalex.org/W2401381354","https://openalex.org/W2402538619","https://openalex.org/W2402857316","https://openalex.org/W2403783533","https://openalex.org/W2405090710","https://openalex.org/W2408847912","https://openalex.org/W2408997691","https://openalex.org/W2413280212","https://openalex.org/W2416100642","https://openalex.org/W2419412660","https://openalex.org/W2435963929","https://openalex.org/W2437169857","https://openalex.org/W2439714654","https://openalex.org/W2443294304","https://openalex.org/W2470831440","https://openalex.org/W2471651302","https://openalex.org/W2471799242","https://openalex.org/W2790879977","https://openalex.org/W4213115188","https://openalex.org/W4236687309","https://openalex.org/W4244249213","https://openalex.org/W4250433521","https://openalex.org/W4290431057","https://openalex.org/W4296408436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971635038","https://openalex.org/W2313291448","https://openalex.org/W2039802322","https://openalex.org/W2018436875","https://openalex.org/W235948289","https://openalex.org/W2411914747","https://openalex.org/W2501540481","https://openalex.org/W2411869559","https://openalex.org/W2486766320","https://openalex.org/W6992699354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"diets":[1],"and":[2,42,79],"increased":[3],"exercise":[4],"are":[5,67,75,105],"the":[6,18,26,83,93],"cornerstones":[7],"of":[8,22,34,68],"traditional":[9],"therapy":[10],"for":[11,82,102],"obesity,":[12],"but":[13,71,97],"available":[14,64],"data":[15],"suggest":[16],"that":[17],"most":[19,86],"important":[20],"component":[21],"any":[23],"program":[24],"is":[25],"associated":[27],"behavior":[28],"modification":[29],"through":[30],"which":[31],"new":[32,73],"ways":[33],"dealing":[35],"with":[36,47],"old":[37],"problems":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40,92,100],"learned":[41],"continually":[43],"applied.":[44],"This":[45],"combined":[46],"very-low-calorie":[48],"diets--less":[49],"than":[50],"800":[51],"kcal":[52],"per":[53],"day--are":[54],"in":[55],"wide":[56],"use,":[57],"mostly":[58],"under":[59,76],"medical":[60],"supervision.":[61],"The":[62,85],"currently":[63],"appetite-suppressing":[65],"drugs":[66],"limited":[69],"efficacy,":[70],"many":[72],"ones":[74],"active":[77],"development":[78],"hold":[80],"promise":[81],"future.":[84],"effective":[87],"surgical":[88],"intervention":[89],"appears":[90],"to":[91],"gastric":[94],"bypass":[95],"operation,":[96],"this":[98],"should":[99],"reserved":[101],"those":[103],"who":[104],"at":[106],"high":[107],"risk":[108],"from":[109],"their":[110],"obesity.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}