{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007034255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","title":"Speaking deductively: Preschoolers' use of If in conversation and in conditional inference.","display_name":"Speaking deductively: Preschoolers' use of If in conversation and in conditional inference.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007034255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","mag":"2007034255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126635229","display_name":"Developmental Psychology","issn_l":"0012-1649","issn":["0012-1649","1939-0599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111717191","display_name":"Ellin Kofsky Scholnick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellin K. Scholnick","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Maryland, College Park, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Maryland, College Park, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014819378","display_name":"Clara S. Wing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara S. Wing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71274709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"249","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.4291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-inference","display_name":"conditional inference","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deductive-reasoning","display_name":"deductive reasoning","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-syllogisms","display_name":"conditional syllogisms","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colloquial-speech","display_name":"colloquial language","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"language acquisition","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-year-old-children","display_name":"4-year-old children","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.8329869508743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8132855892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6273175477981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5482351183891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.42226848006248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109260823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407784","display_name":"Child development","level":2,"score":0.4161759614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3615580201148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.24023282527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10239586234092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09223291277885437}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126635229","display_name":"Developmental Psychology","issn_l":"0012-1649","issn":["0012-1649","1939-0599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037//0012-1649.27.2.249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.27.2.249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.27.2.249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126635229","display_name":"Developmental Psychology","issn_l":"0012-1649","issn":["0012-1649","1939-0599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W380359179","https://openalex.org/W654308901","https://openalex.org/W803816486","https://openalex.org/W1169167898","https://openalex.org/W1537817114","https://openalex.org/W1554983716","https://openalex.org/W1572444353","https://openalex.org/W1963567085","https://openalex.org/W1989930562","https://openalex.org/W2022553148","https://openalex.org/W2032152873","https://openalex.org/W2045163169","https://openalex.org/W2053086368","https://openalex.org/W2151183718","https://openalex.org/W2169729102","https://openalex.org/W2488965355","https://openalex.org/W2990259976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971609523","https://openalex.org/W278007467","https://openalex.org/W7166131759","https://openalex.org/W341582453","https://openalex.org/W2053086368","https://openalex.org/W2151183718","https://openalex.org/W2051857012","https://openalex.org/W2017974410","https://openalex.org/W2521150944","https://openalex.org/W3157279712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversations":[0],"taped":[1],"in":[2,25,44],"the":[3,19],"homes":[4],"and":[5,16,35,46],"preschools":[6],"of":[7,21,42],"39":[8],"four-year-olds":[9],"were":[10],"used":[11],"to":[12],"determine":[13],"whether":[14,28,36],"children":[15,29],"adults":[17],"spoke":[18],"type":[20],"if":[22,43],"sentence":[23],"found":[24],"conditional":[26,31],"syllogisms,":[27],"made":[30],"deductions":[32],"during":[33],"conversation,":[34],"adult":[37],"speech":[38],"influenced":[39],"children's":[40],"use":[41],"conversation":[45],"deduction.":[47]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
