{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007023055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480701352520","title":"Association between patients\u2019 gender, age and immigrant background and use of restraint\u2014A 2-year retrospective study at a department of emergency psychiatry","display_name":"Association between patients\u2019 gender, age and immigrant background and use of restraint\u2014A 2-year retrospective study at a department of emergency psychiatry","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007023055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480701352520","mag":"2007023055","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17523032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08039480701352520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480701352520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480701352520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63111534","display_name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0029-1455","issn":["0029-1455","0803-9488","1502-4725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071653909","display_name":"Maria Knutzen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Knutzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073390769","display_name":"Leiv Sandvik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0927-2961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0927-2961"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Sandvik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for clinical research, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for clinical research, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109920361","display_name":"Edvard Hauff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Hauff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113580586","display_name":"Stein Opjordsmoen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Opjordsmoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013574347","display_name":"Svein Friis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-7023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-7023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Friis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071653909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8690121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"201","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-restraint","display_name":"patient restraint","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-restraint","display_name":"mechanical restraint","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-restraint","display_name":"chemical restraint","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-background","display_name":"migration background","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-emergency-services","display_name":"psychiatric emergency care","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-psychiatric-inpatients","display_name":"acute psychiatric inpatients","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restraint-protocols","display_name":"restraint protocols","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety","display_name":"patient safety","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.6514544486999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6328533887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.6066145300865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5943013429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.5941413044929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5155556201934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776012904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256771","display_name":"Emergency psychiatry","level":2,"score":0.46052178740501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2953462302684784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.08541569113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004637","descriptor_name":"Emergency Services, Psychiatric","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004637","descriptor_name":"Emergency Services, Psychiatric","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004641","descriptor_name":"Emigration and Immigration","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006993","descriptor_name":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012149","descriptor_name":"Restraint, Physical","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012934","descriptor_name":"Social Isolation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08039480701352520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480701352520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480701352520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63111534","display_name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0029-1455","issn":["0029-1455","0803-9488","1502-4725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17523032","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17523032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nordic journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12062270","https://openalex.org/W1558355351","https://openalex.org/W1968709405","https://openalex.org/W1974518384","https://openalex.org/W1985707315","https://openalex.org/W2011301407","https://openalex.org/W2014536323","https://openalex.org/W2027692827","https://openalex.org/W2043100349","https://openalex.org/W2043116845","https://openalex.org/W2087454582","https://openalex.org/W2091234066","https://openalex.org/W2096524425","https://openalex.org/W2108647030","https://openalex.org/W2115426594","https://openalex.org/W2122948133","https://openalex.org/W2124508160","https://openalex.org/W2124676700","https://openalex.org/W2141793429","https://openalex.org/W2147174308","https://openalex.org/W2158247921","https://openalex.org/W2343258678","https://openalex.org/W2980869295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096762491","https://openalex.org/W1979398148","https://openalex.org/W2054998301","https://openalex.org/W2079359111","https://openalex.org/W4415502409","https://openalex.org/W6947968721","https://openalex.org/W2753612214","https://openalex.org/W2082363472","https://openalex.org/W7140295209","https://openalex.org/W2318195490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,66,105],"study":[1,21],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,14,61,122],"determine":[4],"rates":[5],"and":[6,11,17,27,92,97,118],"types":[7],"of":[8,35,64,95,107,129],"patient":[9,43],"restraint,":[10],"their":[12],"relationship":[13],"age,":[15],"gender":[16],"immigrant":[18,74,103,119],"background.":[19,104],"retrospectively":[22],"examined":[23],"routinely":[24],"collected":[25],"data":[26,28],"from":[29],"restraint":[30,87],"protocols":[31],"in":[32,48,77],"a":[33,39,93],"department":[34],"acute":[36],"psychiatry":[37],"over":[38],"2-year":[40],"period.":[41],"Each":[42],"is":[44],"only":[45],"counted":[46],"once":[47],"this":[49],"period,":[50],"controlling":[51],"for":[52,89,100],"readmission.":[53],"Of":[54],"960":[55],"admitted":[56],"patients,":[57],"14%":[58],"were":[59,85],"exposed":[60],"the":[62,78,127],"use":[63,106,128],"restraints.":[65],"rate":[67],"was":[68],"significantly":[69],"higher":[70],"among":[71],"patients":[72,91,101,111],"with":[73,102],"background,":[75],"especially":[76],"younger":[79],"age":[80,117],"groups.":[81],"Most":[82],"commonly":[83],"used":[84],"mechanical":[86,96],"alone":[88],"native-born":[90],"combination":[94],"pharmacological":[98],"restraints":[99,108],"decreased":[109],"when":[110],"reached":[112],"60":[113],"years.":[114],"Both":[115],"patients'":[116],"background":[120],"seem":[121],"have":[123],"an":[124],"impact":[125],"on":[126],"restraint.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
