{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007012184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","title":"The Development of Quasi-Markets in Welfare Provision in the United Kingdom","display_name":"The Development of Quasi-Markets in Welfare Provision in the United Kingdom","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007012184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","mag":"2007012184","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7622314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2190/GGF3-JQ88-Y5AA-A35D?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120541213","display_name":"International Journal of Health Services","issn_l":"0020-7314","issn":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2190/GGF3-JQ88-Y5AA-A35D?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044231063","display_name":"Howard Glennerster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272989","display_name":"Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines","ror":"https://ror.org/052vnhv24","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Glennerster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welfare State Programme Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines London School of Economics, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welfare State Programme Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines London School of Economics, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272989","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015835123","display_name":"Julian Le Grand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-0118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-0118"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Le Grand","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5589,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9884963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"203","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13594","display_name":"Healthcare innovation and challenges","score":0.27320000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13896","display_name":"Health Services Management and Policy","score":0.2184000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-markets","display_name":"quasi-markets","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-provision","display_name":"welfare provision","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"outsourcing","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-choice-theory","display_name":"public choice theory","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-services","display_name":"health services","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-services","display_name":"educational services","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-reform","display_name":"welfare reform","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-kingdom","display_name":"United Kingdom","score":0.6800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6628198623657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6469835638999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6318652033805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6303525567054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13801280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36732","display_name":"Kingdom","level":2,"score":0.5829566717147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5557886362075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5105224847793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48695358633995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536738050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249071","display_name":"Social Welfare","level":2,"score":0.47558581829071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47316938638687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.45342421531677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3849117159843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35390278697013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22615230083465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.18586480617523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12907546758651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1005823016166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003284","descriptor_name":"Contract Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003284","descriptor_name":"Contract Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003284","descriptor_name":"Contract Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005380","descriptor_name":"Financing, Government","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005380","descriptor_name":"Financing, Government","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005380","descriptor_name":"Financing, Government","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006077","descriptor_name":"Government Agencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006077","descriptor_name":"Government Agencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006077","descriptor_name":"Government Agencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011209","descriptor_name":"Power, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011209","descriptor_name":"Power, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011209","descriptor_name":"Power, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011332","descriptor_name":"Privatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011332","descriptor_name":"Privatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011332","descriptor_name":"Privatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012946","descriptor_name":"Social Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012946","descriptor_name":"Social Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012946","descriptor_name":"Social Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013222","descriptor_name":"State Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013222","descriptor_name":"State Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013222","descriptor_name":"State Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2190/GGF3-JQ88-Y5AA-A35D?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120541213","display_name":"International Journal of Health Services","issn_l":"0020-7314","issn":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7622314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7622314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/ggf3-jq88-y5aa-a35d","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2190/GGF3-JQ88-Y5AA-A35D?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120541213","display_name":"International Journal of Health Services","issn_l":"0020-7314","issn":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007012184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007012184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147856923","https://openalex.org/W198974244","https://openalex.org/W629808476","https://openalex.org/W1555277027","https://openalex.org/W1559924327","https://openalex.org/W1973367734","https://openalex.org/W1973904716","https://openalex.org/W2015958526","https://openalex.org/W2046599936","https://openalex.org/W2066308316","https://openalex.org/W2097081384","https://openalex.org/W2110198354","https://openalex.org/W2110913769","https://openalex.org/W2126135794","https://openalex.org/W2132548373","https://openalex.org/W2267225204","https://openalex.org/W2312667940","https://openalex.org/W2465622930","https://openalex.org/W2649929764","https://openalex.org/W2937085831","https://openalex.org/W4230722583","https://openalex.org/W4232545197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084331940","https://openalex.org/W4237860668","https://openalex.org/W571584042","https://openalex.org/W4386707218","https://openalex.org/W613824635","https://openalex.org/W2297599725","https://openalex.org/W6992869137","https://openalex.org/W2092257084","https://openalex.org/W1997746933","https://openalex.org/W2480945684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,70,73,76,87,92,101],"late":[2],"1980s,":[3],"governments":[4],"in":[5,39,100],"many":[6],"western":[7],"economies":[8],"began":[9],"to":[10],"introduce":[11],"competition":[12],"between":[13,42],"public":[14,60],"agencies":[15],"providing":[16],"health,":[17],"education,":[18],"and":[19,44,63,68,86],"other":[20],"forms":[21],"of":[22,75,95],"social":[23],"welfare.":[24],"Government":[25],"became":[26],"a":[27],"contracting":[28],"agency":[29],"separating":[30],"funding":[31],"from":[32,80],"provision.":[33],"The":[34,46,56,78],"United":[35],"Kingdom":[36],"went":[37],"farthest":[38],"legislation":[40],"passed":[41],"1988":[43],"1990.":[45],"authors":[47],"review":[48],"some":[49],"possible":[50],"explanations":[51],"for":[52,97],"this":[53],"fundamental":[54],"change.":[55],"article":[57],"draws":[58],"on":[59,72],"choice":[61],"theory":[62],"broader":[64],"political":[65],"science":[66],"approaches":[67],"reviews":[69],"evidence":[71],"impact":[74],"changes.":[77],"gains":[79],"these":[81],"changes":[82],"may":[83,89],"be":[84,90],"small,":[85],"result":[88],"only":[91],"build":[93],"up":[94],"pressure":[96],"more":[98],"spending":[99],"longer":[102],"term.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
