{"id":"https://openalex.org/W20069830","doi":null,"title":"An evaluation of the respiratory health status of automotive spray-painters exposed to paints containing hexamethylene di-isocyanates in the greater Durban area.","display_name":"An evaluation of the respiratory health status of automotive spray-painters exposed to paints containing hexamethylene di-isocyanates in the greater Durban area.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W20069830","mag":"20069830","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9137346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9137346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9137346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060422072","display_name":"Bernard Winston. Randolph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B W Randolph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Technikon Natal, Durban"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Technikon Natal, Durban","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056603667","display_name":"Umesh Lalloo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-3118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-3118"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U G Lalloo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061613345","display_name":"E. Gouws","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Gouws","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003774857","display_name":"M. Colvin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M S Colvin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00269201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"3","first_page":"318","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-respiratory-health","display_name":"occupational respiratory health","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isocyanate-exposure","display_name":"isocyanate exposure","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function-decline","display_name":"lung function decline","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fev1","display_name":"FEV1","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-respiratory-symptoms","display_name":"chronic respiratory symptoms","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-irritation","display_name":"eye irritation","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-eczema","display_name":"hand eczema","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-protective-equipment","display_name":"respiratory protective equipment","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure-assessment","display_name":"occupational exposure assessment","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-worker-effect","display_name":"healthy worker effect","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-of-exposure","display_name":"duration of exposure","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8329691886901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778338976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517104","display_name":"Wheeze","level":3,"score":0.638251543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994251472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Eye irritation","level":3,"score":0.6270785331726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778781276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551913","display_name":"Occupational asthma","level":3,"score":0.5210232734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.49703076481819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Irritation","level":2,"score":0.33937355875968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22606420516967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003485","descriptor_name":"Cyanates","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005541","descriptor_name":"Forced Expiratory Volume","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009784","descriptor_name":"Occupational Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009784","descriptor_name":"Occupational Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010150","descriptor_name":"Paint","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014797","descriptor_name":"Vital Capacity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017953","descriptor_name":"Isocyanates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9137346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9137346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:20069830","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9137346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7087715345","https://openalex.org/W2896048708","https://openalex.org/W2776449277","https://openalex.org/W7217556982","https://openalex.org/W2891146191","https://openalex.org/W2323397455","https://openalex.org/W1596037042","https://openalex.org/W2159632119","https://openalex.org/W94110730","https://openalex.org/W2782050099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"A":[1,162],"survey":[2],"of":[3,15,44,47,117,142,147,171,178,207,228,251,259,298,312,324],"automotive":[4],"spray-painting":[5,50,84,330],"establishments":[6,32,51],"was":[7,26,103,294],"undertaken":[8],"to":[9,18,58,156,223,326],"evaluate":[10],"the":[11,34,48,79,83,118,172,190,224,229,232,236,244,249,260,283,290,302,309,322,329,334],"respiratory":[12,62,145,285,306],"health":[13,63],"status":[14],"spray-painters":[16,120,279,300],"exposed":[17],"paints":[19],"containing":[20],"hexamethylene":[21],"di-isocyanates":[22],"(HDIs).":[23],"DESIGN:":[24],"This":[25],"a":[27,41,66,140,183],"cross-sectional":[28],"study.":[29],"SETTING:":[30],"Spray-painting":[31],"in":[33,95,99,129,159,182,248,271,289,318,328],"Durban":[35],"municipal":[36],"area.":[37],"PARTICIPANTS:":[38],"Spray-painters":[39],"from":[40,231],"random":[42],"sample":[43],"40":[45,119,261],"(25%)":[46,123],"registered":[49],"were":[52,72,87,154,180,280],"studied.":[53],"MAIN":[54],"OUTCOME":[55],"MEASURES:":[56],"Responses":[57],"an":[59],"Interviewer-administered":[60],"standardised":[61],"questionnaire":[64],"and":[65,150,169,188,212,288,332],"cross-shift":[67,93,127],"spirometric":[68],"lung":[69,112],"function":[70,113],"test":[71],"obtained":[73],"for":[74,336],"each":[75],"spray-painter,":[76],"questionnaires":[77],"assessing":[78],"firm's":[80],"compliance":[81],"with":[82,152,282],"safety":[85],"requirements":[86],"also":[88],"obtained.":[89],"RESULTS:":[90],"The":[91,111,175,316],"mean":[92],"decrease":[94],"forced":[96],"expiratory":[97],"volume":[98],"1":[100],"second":[101],"(FEV1)":[102],"130.5":[104],"ml":[105],"(SD":[106],"203.19)":[107],"(P":[108,197],"=":[109,198],"0.0002).":[110],"data":[114],"indicated":[115],"that":[116,201,269],"examined,":[121],"10":[122],"showed":[124],"clinically":[125],"significant":[126],"decreases":[128,132],"FEV1,":[130],"viz,":[131],">":[133],"250":[134],"ml.":[135],"Only":[136,276],"2":[137],"subjects":[138],"had":[139,165,264],"diagnosis":[141],"asthma.":[143],"Chronic":[144],"symptoms":[146],"cough,":[148],"wheeze":[149,151],"breathlessness":[153],"similar":[155],"those":[157],"noted":[158],"community-based":[160],"studies.":[161],"high":[163],"proportion":[164],"eye":[166],"irritation":[167],"(55%)":[168,278],"dermatitis":[170],"hand":[173],"(32%).":[174],"potential":[176],"determinants":[177],"FEV1":[179],"examined":[181],"multiple":[184],"linear":[185],"regression":[186],"analysis":[187],"only":[189],"isocyanate":[191],"concentration":[192],"levels":[193],"approached":[194],"statistical":[195],"significance":[196],"0.082),":[199],"suggesting":[200],"other":[202],"factors":[203],"such":[204],"as":[205],"duration":[206],"exposure,":[208],"spray-paint":[209],"'bounce-back'":[210],"phenomenon,":[211],"'healthy":[213],"worker'":[214],"effect":[215],"may":[216],"be":[217],"more":[218,337],"important.":[219],"('Bounce":[220],"back'":[221],"refers":[222],"phenomenon":[225],"whereby":[226],"some":[227],"mist":[230],"spray-gun,":[233],"after":[234],"striking":[235],"surface":[237],"being":[238],"painted,":[239],"is":[240],"deflected":[241],"back":[242],"into":[243],"operator's":[245],"breathing":[246],"zone":[247],"form":[250],"fine":[252],"droplets":[253],"or":[254],"aerosols.)":[255],"Forty":[256],"per":[257],"cent":[258],"spray":[262],"booths":[263],"ventilation":[265],"standards":[266],"substantially":[267],"below":[268],"specified":[270],"current":[272],"South":[273],"African":[274],"legislation.":[275],"21":[277],"provided":[281],"regulation":[284],"protective":[286],"equipment,":[287],"cases":[291],"where":[292],"it":[293],"provided,":[295],"7":[296],"(33%)":[297],"these":[299],"used":[301],"positive":[303],"pressure":[304],"air-line":[305],"recommended":[307],"by":[308],"leading":[310],"manufacturers":[311],"isocyanate-based":[313],"paints.":[314],"CONCLUSIONS:":[315],"findings":[317],"this":[319],"study":[320],"confirm":[321],"risk":[323],"exposure":[325],"HDIs":[327],"industry":[331],"highlight":[333],"need":[335],"stringent":[338],"industrial":[339],"hygiene":[340],"controls.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}