{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006828229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto311","title":"Robust Design of an Automobile Front Bumper Using Design of Experiments","display_name":"Robust Design of an Automobile Front Bumper Using Design of Experiments","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006828229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto311","mag":"2006828229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1243/09544070jauto311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16239639","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","issn_l":"0954-4070","issn":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084568978","display_name":"Kwon\u2010Hee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-8662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-8662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51226738","display_name":"Dong-A University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvtpc38","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwon-Hee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068402807","display_name":"Il-Kwon Bang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51226738","display_name":"Dong-A University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvtpc38","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Il-Kwon Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76964177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"220","issue":"9","first_page":"1199","last_page":"1207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-design","display_name":"robust design","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thickness-tolerance","display_name":"thickness tolerance","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty","display_name":"uncertainty","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worst-case-analysis","display_name":"worst-case analysis","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-design","display_name":"experimental design","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-arrays","display_name":"orthogonal arrays","score":0.9279999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.8676665425300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.7088693380355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6589779257774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.6342397928237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.45708656311035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3369791507720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1350647509098053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1243/09544070jauto311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16239639","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","issn_l":"0954-4070","issn":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540163377","https://openalex.org/W1963657482","https://openalex.org/W1963997960","https://openalex.org/W1991991774","https://openalex.org/W2072564771","https://openalex.org/W2082703072","https://openalex.org/W2113065775","https://openalex.org/W2284959401","https://openalex.org/W2293110190","https://openalex.org/W2789952880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2234690266","https://openalex.org/W1953631610","https://openalex.org/W2527001018","https://openalex.org/W1817972739","https://openalex.org/W2210996749","https://openalex.org/W3205125224","https://openalex.org/W2886966768","https://openalex.org/W6885020095","https://openalex.org/W3155452577","https://openalex.org/W2050714917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bumpers":[0],"are":[1,27,45,96,112,164],"structural":[2],"components":[3],"installed":[4],"to":[5,9,64,89,98,137],"reduce":[6],"physical":[7],"damage":[8,37],"the":[10,28,39,50,66,83,94,100,108,133,139,148,154,157,177],"front":[11],"and":[12,24,47,117,162],"rear":[13],"ends":[14],"of":[15,68,102,129,145,156],"a":[16,54,69,78,122,142,174],"passenger":[17],"motor":[18],"vehicle":[19],"from":[20],"low-speed":[21],"collisions.":[22],"Damage":[23],"protection":[25],"assessments":[26],"commonly":[29],"used":[30],"design":[31,124,128,140,167,171],"criteria":[32],"in":[33],"bumper":[34,73,146],"design.":[35],"For":[36],"assessment,":[38],"relative":[40],"displacements":[41,109],"representing":[42,110],"stiffness":[43,67,80,84,111,149],"performance":[44],"defined":[46],"examined.":[48],"At":[49],"protodesign":[51],"stage":[52],"for":[53,173],"new":[55],"car,":[56],"finite":[57],"element":[58],"(FE)":[59],"analysis":[60,74],"is":[61,125,180],"often":[62],"utilized":[63],"predict":[65],"bumper.":[70],"However,":[71],"conventional":[72],"through":[75],"FEM":[76],"outputs":[77],"constant":[79],"even":[81],"though":[82],"has":[85],"some":[86],"distribution":[87],"due":[88],"uncertainties.":[90],"In":[91,151],"this":[92,105,152],"research,":[93,153],"uncertainties":[95],"assumed":[97],"be":[99],"tolerances":[101],"thicknesses.":[103],"Under":[104],"uncertain":[106,178],"condition,":[107],"calculated":[113],"by":[114,118,127],"approximate":[115],"statistics":[116],"worst-case":[119],"analysis.":[120],"Then,":[121],"robust":[123,170],"determined":[126],"experiments":[130],"(DOE)":[131],"using":[132],"orthogonal":[134],"array":[135],"strategy":[136],"find":[138],"having":[141],"minimum":[143],"weight":[144],"within":[147],"constraints.":[150],"thicknesses":[155],"inner":[158],"beam,":[159,161],"outer":[160],"stay":[163],"treated":[165],"as":[166],"variables.":[168],"The":[169],"procedure":[172],"bumper,":[175],"considering":[176],"thicknesses,":[179],"presented.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}