{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006797680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022524","title":"Diskriminierung von Schwarzen aufgrund ihrer Hautfarbe? Ergebnisse von Focusgruppendiskussionen mit Betroffenen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen","display_name":"Diskriminierung von Schwarzen aufgrund ihrer Hautfarbe? Ergebnisse von Focusgruppendiskussionen mit Betroffenen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006797680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022524","mag":"2006797680","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18273763"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-1022524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33786796","display_name":"Das Gesundheitswesen","issn_l":"0941-3790","issn":["0941-3790","1439-4421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Das Gesundheitswesen","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015393913","display_name":"H Gerlach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Gerlach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf. Heli.Gerlach@t-online.de","Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf. Heli.Gerlach@t-online.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"N. Becker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014520239","display_name":"A Fuchs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072119539","display_name":"Anja Wollny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-451X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-451X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Wollny","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111640765","display_name":"H.-H. Abholz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-H. Abholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeinmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92836236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13534","display_name":"Migration, Identity, and Health","score":0.5145999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13534","display_name":"Migration, Identity, and Health","score":0.5145999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.03830000013113022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-immigrants","display_name":"Black immigrants","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-color-discrimination","display_name":"skin color discrimination","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-experience","display_name":"patient experience","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism-in-healthcare","display_name":"racism in healthcare","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-barriers","display_name":"language barriers","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-diseases","display_name":"tropical diseases","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercultural-competence","display_name":"intercultural competence","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-healthcare-system","display_name":"German health care system","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-injustice","display_name":"social injustice","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6657862663269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.5745248794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4664791226387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.3804475963115692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16382813453674316}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015023","descriptor_name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015276","descriptor_name":"Health Care Rationing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017060","descriptor_name":"Patient Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017144","descriptor_name":"Focus Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019548","descriptor_name":"Crime Victims","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054242","descriptor_name":"Emigrants and Immigrants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-1022524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33786796","display_name":"Das Gesundheitswesen","issn_l":"0941-3790","issn":["0941-3790","1439-4421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Das Gesundheitswesen","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18273763","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18273763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417103871","https://openalex.org/W6927672650","https://openalex.org/W4402487699","https://openalex.org/W2082219160","https://openalex.org/W7212858535","https://openalex.org/W4399329273","https://openalex.org/W2230350485","https://openalex.org/W3093712331","https://openalex.org/W2921774060","https://openalex.org/W6996462049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1],"spite":[2],"of":[3,6,37,49,65,94,123,134,142,153,190,199,223,243,248,251,268,277,296,308],"a":[4,63,82,111,204,274],"number":[5,247],"researches":[7],"on":[8,21,29,91,298],"immigrants":[9,202,225],"in":[10,103,113,125,162,183,226,230,240],"the":[11,35,46,69,74,88,92,95,121,130,149,165,200,231,252,278,286,294,309],"German":[12,53,135,154,232,244,310],"Health":[13,233,311],"System,":[14],"there":[15],"has":[16],"hardly":[17],"been":[18],"any":[19],"research":[20,28],"immigrant's":[22],"experiences":[23,36,239],"with":[24,41,52,62,174,187,255],"General":[25],"Practitioners":[26],"or":[27],"Black":[30,38,224],"patients.":[31],"As":[32],"an":[33,42],"example":[34],"People":[39],"(1)":[40],"immigration":[43],"background":[44],"from":[45,68,259],"Democratic":[47],"Republic":[48],"Congo":[50],"(RDC)":[51],"White":[54,227,260],"GPs":[55],"was":[56,108,203],"investigated.":[57],"METHODS:":[58],"Two":[59],"focus":[60],"groups":[61],"total":[64],"33":[66],"participants":[67,99,253],"DRC":[70],"were":[71,178],"held":[72],"and":[73,77,85,105,132,164,170,176,181,197,229,273,305],"discussions":[75],"documented":[76],"transcribed.":[78],"The":[79,98,193,219],"authors":[80],"performed":[81],"content":[83],"analysis":[84],"developed":[86],"inductively":[87],"categorical":[89],"system":[90],"basis":[93],"transcription.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"underlined":[100,129],"their":[101],"self-competences":[102],"health":[104,196],"diseases.":[106],"Language":[107],"mentioned":[109],"as":[110,138,140],"problem":[112],"communication,":[114],"but":[115],"had":[116],"no":[117],"priority":[118],"except":[119],"for":[120],"lack":[122,141],"documents":[124],"French.":[126],"However,":[127],"they":[128],"hectic":[131],"unfriendliness":[133],"medical":[136,151,155,206,214],"staff":[137],"well":[139],"respect":[143],"towards":[144],"them.":[145],"They":[146],"also":[147,236],"criticised":[148],"insufficient":[150],"competence":[152],"doctors":[156],"concerning":[157,195],"diseases,":[158],"which":[159],"are":[160,282],"common":[161],"Africa":[163],"increasing":[166],"social":[167],"injustice,":[168],"bureaucracy":[169],"economic":[171],"efficiency.":[172],"Experiences":[173],"discrimination":[175,299],"racism":[177,304],"clearly":[179],"expressed":[180],"illustrated":[182],"its":[184],"intermingled":[185],"structure":[186],"other":[188,208,241],"forms":[189],"discrimination.":[191],"CONCLUSIONS:":[192],"concept":[194],"diseases":[198],"African":[201],"Western":[205],"concept,":[207],"concepts":[209,215],"like,":[210],"e.g.,":[211],"\"African\"":[212],"formed":[213],"did":[216],"not":[217],"occur.":[218],"many-sided":[220],"experienced":[221],"discriminations":[222],"Surgeries":[228],"System":[234],"presumably":[235],"correspond":[237],"to":[238,285,292],"areas":[242],"society.":[245],"A":[246],"critical":[249],"remarks":[250],"corresponded":[254],"what":[256],"we":[257],"expect":[258],"patients,":[261],"especially":[262],"when":[263],"speaking":[264],"about":[265],"communicative":[266,271],"abilities":[267,272],"doctors.":[269],"Better":[270],"better":[275],"knowledge":[276],"so-called":[279],"\"tropical":[280],"diseases\"":[281],"required.":[283],"But":[284],"same":[287],"degree":[288],"it":[289],"is":[290],"mandatory":[291],"develop":[293],"ability":[295],"reflecting":[297],"at":[300],"all":[301],"levels":[302],"including":[303],"\"intercultural\"":[306],"opening":[307],"System.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}