{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006474003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","title":"The attainment of White and ethnic minority students in distance education","display_name":"The attainment of White and ethnic minority students in distance education","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006474003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","mag":"2006474003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142259175","display_name":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education","issn_l":"0260-2938","issn":["0260-2938","0307-1367","1469-297X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024427669","display_name":"John T. E. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-0603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-0603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Thomas Edwin Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK","Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024427669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.0047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98947903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"393","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.37380000948905945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minority-students","display_name":"ethnic minority students","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"distance education","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment-gap","display_name":"educational attainment gap","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-open-university","display_name":"Open University","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-age","display_name":"student age","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-background","display_name":"socioeconomic background","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-teacher-interaction","display_name":"student-teacher interaction","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-student-interaction","display_name":"student-student interaction","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7806915044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.636847734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.628709077835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5510620474815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.5466060042381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5381174683570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5304903984069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4644247591495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3625507950782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12663069367408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.09727784991264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.09497392177581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.07743975520133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.534767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142259175","display_name":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education","issn_l":"0260-2938","issn":["0260-2938","0307-1367","1469-297X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:24557","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/24557/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310089","display_name":"Society for Research into Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02ns75z54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W336017799","https://openalex.org/W573854321","https://openalex.org/W642730748","https://openalex.org/W1505766440","https://openalex.org/W1548962012","https://openalex.org/W1967378805","https://openalex.org/W1987569408","https://openalex.org/W1991479044","https://openalex.org/W1991744830","https://openalex.org/W2002495056","https://openalex.org/W2022981984","https://openalex.org/W2025831352","https://openalex.org/W2030692676","https://openalex.org/W2046782641","https://openalex.org/W2048522257","https://openalex.org/W2048859722","https://openalex.org/W2052154257","https://openalex.org/W2059890427","https://openalex.org/W2065613126","https://openalex.org/W2067901317","https://openalex.org/W2075400829","https://openalex.org/W2083555224","https://openalex.org/W2088610710","https://openalex.org/W2098385308","https://openalex.org/W2118034399","https://openalex.org/W2139033003","https://openalex.org/W2144137032","https://openalex.org/W2318090901","https://openalex.org/W2803410474","https://openalex.org/W2915304902","https://openalex.org/W2953644151","https://openalex.org/W3046944963","https://openalex.org/W3119331638","https://openalex.org/W3121933376","https://openalex.org/W4205778653","https://openalex.org/W4211063181","https://openalex.org/W4211086783","https://openalex.org/W4232100653","https://openalex.org/W4239081422","https://openalex.org/W4252413163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022981984","https://openalex.org/W2025831352","https://openalex.org/W2141745632","https://openalex.org/W2889051397","https://openalex.org/W2050433497","https://openalex.org/W2061161993","https://openalex.org/W7096911931","https://openalex.org/W2118034399","https://openalex.org/W2982056726","https://openalex.org/W3112380457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"UK":[1],"institutions":[2],"of":[3,9,18,49,61,111],"higher":[4,15],"education,":[5,86],"the":[6,40,54,70,89,93,96,109],"academic":[7,64],"attainment":[8,97],"White":[10],"students":[11,19,31,48,81,102],"tends":[12],"to":[13],"be":[14,104],"than":[16,107],"that":[17,92],"from":[20,53],"other":[21,80,117],"ethnic":[22,100],"groups.":[23],"The":[24],"present":[25],"study":[26],"confirmed":[27],"this":[28],"trend":[29],"in":[30,47,84,99,108],"who":[32],"were":[33],"taking":[34],"courses":[35],"by":[36],"distance":[37,85],"learning":[38],"with":[39,77,114],"UK\u2019s":[41],"Open":[42],"University.":[43],"It":[44],"was":[45,58],"apparent":[46],"all":[50],"ages":[51],"apart":[52],"youngest,":[55],"and":[56,66,79,87,116],"it":[57],"largely":[59],"independent":[60],"their":[62,112],"gender,":[63],"background":[65],"socioeconomic":[67],"circumstances,":[68],"or":[69],"particular":[71],"course":[72],"being":[73],"taken.":[74],"Students\u2019":[75],"interactions":[76],"teachers":[78,115],"are":[82],"attenuated":[83],"so":[88],"results":[90],"suggest":[91],"explanation":[94],"for":[95],"gap":[98],"minority":[101],"must":[103],"sought":[105],"elsewhere":[106],"nature":[110],"relationships":[113],"students.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}