{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006414608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","title":"Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role for the subthalamic nucleus in decision making","display_name":"Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role for the subthalamic nucleus in decision making","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006414608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","mag":"2006414608","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16945502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007609257","display_name":"Michael J. Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-0523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-0523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mfrank@u.arizona.edu","Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mfrank@u.arizona.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007609257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":{"value":3110,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3110},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":738,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99212,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"1120","last_page":"1136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthalamic-nucleus","display_name":"subthalamic nucleus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-ganglia","display_name":"basal ganglia","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-selection","display_name":"response selection","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-depletion","display_name":"dopamine depletion","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-threshold","display_name":"response threshold","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-conflict","display_name":"response conflict","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillatory-activity","display_name":"oscillatory activity","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-model","display_name":"neural network model","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777319143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270424","display_name":"Subthalamic nucleus","level":5,"score":0.935056209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.8216812014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7140231728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162536842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6025117","display_name":"Indirect pathway of movement","level":4,"score":0.635306179523468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.6337451934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5475507974624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.5442072153091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.5043829679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.438988596200943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4058157205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2449474036693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22311675548553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.1438341736793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001479","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001683","descriptor_name":"Biological Clocks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009434","descriptor_name":"Neural Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020531","descriptor_name":"Subthalamic Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020531","descriptor_name":"Subthalamic Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16945502","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16945502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.318.3418","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.318.3418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ski.cog.brown.edu/papers/Frank06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2322667722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ski.cog.brown.edu/papers/Frank06.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":155,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22297218","https://openalex.org/W125252782","https://openalex.org/W633589597","https://openalex.org/W644365037","https://openalex.org/W1497318553","https://openalex.org/W1508060730","https://openalex.org/W1515543691","https://openalex.org/W1550887894","https://openalex.org/W1596839545","https://openalex.org/W1607052939","https://openalex.org/W1768450208","https://openalex.org/W1807195566","https://openalex.org/W1832682301","https://openalex.org/W1834763371","https://openalex.org/W1861338253","https://openalex.org/W1943433854","https://openalex.org/W1943789780","https://openalex.org/W1965537515","https://openalex.org/W1966215826","https://openalex.org/W1969155614","https://openalex.org/W1969855549","https://openalex.org/W1972010893","https://openalex.org/W1973229581","https://openalex.org/W1976284302","https://openalex.org/W1979059699","https://openalex.org/W1979455727","https://openalex.org/W1982827121","https://openalex.org/W1987889199","https://openalex.org/W1987971960","https://openalex.org/W1989218079","https://openalex.org/W1989715374","https://openalex.org/W1990068200","https://openalex.org/W1990326334","https://openalex.org/W1995511712","https://openalex.org/W1996524365","https://openalex.org/W1998152406","https://openalex.org/W2000998192","https://openalex.org/W2003244414","https://openalex.org/W2005269174","https://openalex.org/W2008620985","https://openalex.org/W2010359710","https://openalex.org/W2011826549","https://openalex.org/W2013453689","https://openalex.org/W2019078397","https://openalex.org/W2020671685","https://openalex.org/W2020925019","https://openalex.org/W2022520344","https://openalex.org/W2022920797","https://openalex.org/W2027809421","https://openalex.org/W2027826213","https://openalex.org/W2030599099","https://openalex.org/W2030719127","https://openalex.org/W2031170958","https://openalex.org/W2031897813","https://openalex.org/W2034375586","https://openalex.org/W2039729702","https://openalex.org/W2040583781","https://openalex.org/W2040666748","https://openalex.org/W2047054629","https://openalex.org/W2047539544","https://openalex.org/W2050990972","https://openalex.org/W2053350293","https://openalex.org/W2059244867","https://openalex.org/W2059520978","https://openalex.org/W2060588252","https://openalex.org/W2060886872","https://openalex.org/W2062049551","https://openalex.org/W2063293639","https://openalex.org/W2066931620","https://openalex.org/W2068949971","https://openalex.org/W2069454391","https://openalex.org/W2073618643","https://openalex.org/W2074106908","https://openalex.org/W2074402500","https://openalex.org/W2075021671","https://openalex.org/W2075724857","https://openalex.org/W2076256116","https://openalex.org/W2077728672","https://openalex.org/W2078033496","https://openalex.org/W2079304168","https://openalex.org/W2083986905","https://openalex.org/W2085376923","https://openalex.org/W2092086864","https://openalex.org/W2096178360","https://openalex.org/W2096892963","https://openalex.org/W2097919380","https://openalex.org/W2099652807","https://openalex.org/W2100677568","https://openalex.org/W2103670858","https://openalex.org/W2104402653","https://openalex.org/W2107061898","https://openalex.org/W2107199167","https://openalex.org/W2107751769","https://openalex.org/W2108085425","https://openalex.org/W2110274942","https://openalex.org/W2110278466","https://openalex.org/W2111534506","https://openalex.org/W2113379014","https://openalex.org/W2115095583","https://openalex.org/W2115225421","https://openalex.org/W2116085129","https://openalex.org/W2116441431","https://openalex.org/W2116704462","https://openalex.org/W2116892542","https://openalex.org/W2117726420","https://openalex.org/W2119170562","https://openalex.org/W2122946342","https://openalex.org/W2126490942","https://openalex.org/W2128107182","https://openalex.org/W2128577709","https://openalex.org/W2130421880","https://openalex.org/W2131168315","https://openalex.org/W2131402502","https://openalex.org/W2132042075","https://openalex.org/W2132259525","https://openalex.org/W2133397801","https://openalex.org/W2135572147","https://openalex.org/W2136582516","https://openalex.org/W2137378270","https://openalex.org/W2138380535","https://openalex.org/W2139349309","https://openalex.org/W2140279340","https://openalex.org/W2142455573","https://openalex.org/W2143651221","https://openalex.org/W2143850783","https://openalex.org/W2144623340","https://openalex.org/W2150632130","https://openalex.org/W2152449109","https://openalex.org/W2153456724","https://openalex.org/W2153758134","https://openalex.org/W2156912650","https://openalex.org/W2156969587","https://openalex.org/W2160160303","https://openalex.org/W2161438629","https://openalex.org/W2161455727","https://openalex.org/W2163647009","https://openalex.org/W2164124802","https://openalex.org/W2164158899","https://openalex.org/W2168122820","https://openalex.org/W2170802834","https://openalex.org/W2170969968","https://openalex.org/W2171601518","https://openalex.org/W2171626760","https://openalex.org/W2176873872","https://openalex.org/W2280771645","https://openalex.org/W2288785867","https://openalex.org/W2310367241","https://openalex.org/W2336893408","https://openalex.org/W2399610998","https://openalex.org/W2432567885","https://openalex.org/W2435058420","https://openalex.org/W4239019883","https://openalex.org/W4247990563","https://openalex.org/W4251731575","https://openalex.org/W4295332810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322667722","https://openalex.org/W7099823143","https://openalex.org/W2609376426","https://openalex.org/W2099576311","https://openalex.org/W1675671207","https://openalex.org/W7127539481","https://openalex.org/W4399630399","https://openalex.org/W2033912091","https://openalex.org/W2320934950","https://openalex.org/W2096435819"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":39}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
