{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006400749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","title":"The Second Face of Evil: Wrongdoing in and by the Corporation","display_name":"The Second Face of Evil: Wrongdoing in and by the Corporation","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006400749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","mag":"2006400749","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15661673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37739784","display_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","issn_l":"1088-8683","issn":["1088-8683","1532-7957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029109138","display_name":"V. Lee Hamilton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Lee Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sociology Department, University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociology Department, University of Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111917284","display_name":"Joseph Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-5378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-5378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Law School, University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law School, University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28890136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"222","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13603","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-misconduct","display_name":"corporate misconduct","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"corporate social responsibility","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-hierarchy","display_name":"organizational hierarchy","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-foresight","display_name":"organizational foresight","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-judgment","display_name":"moral judgment","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777930997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6765918","display_name":"Wrongdoing","level":2,"score":0.917133629322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.8468490839004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6372126936912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6351463794708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5006747245788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.49114009737968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.48317137360572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64848388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188867","display_name":"Futures studies","level":2,"score":0.4775717556476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4070601463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3765058219432831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3751867711544037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36913052201271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3650204539299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29733943939208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29039841890335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.24149587750434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37739784","display_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","issn_l":"1088-8683","issn":["1088-8683","1532-7957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15661673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15661673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.319.2498","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.319.2498","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sagepub.com/isw6/articles/ch3hamilton.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185298493","https://openalex.org/W333526033","https://openalex.org/W639122760","https://openalex.org/W647554053","https://openalex.org/W656278302","https://openalex.org/W1490051489","https://openalex.org/W1495651902","https://openalex.org/W1536841668","https://openalex.org/W1543278958","https://openalex.org/W1573455519","https://openalex.org/W1684540946","https://openalex.org/W1968785367","https://openalex.org/W1972697583","https://openalex.org/W1972698480","https://openalex.org/W1974579615","https://openalex.org/W1982651933","https://openalex.org/W1986578153","https://openalex.org/W1991773763","https://openalex.org/W2006397401","https://openalex.org/W2013471946","https://openalex.org/W2025329334","https://openalex.org/W2033552063","https://openalex.org/W2034007390","https://openalex.org/W2061592058","https://openalex.org/W2095650586","https://openalex.org/W2130173750","https://openalex.org/W2141002641","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2169517738","https://openalex.org/W2325828067","https://openalex.org/W2327224481","https://openalex.org/W2555523199","https://openalex.org/W2580389126","https://openalex.org/W2795540244","https://openalex.org/W2797184220","https://openalex.org/W2800241526","https://openalex.org/W2962975506","https://openalex.org/W2993650909","https://openalex.org/W3123340585","https://openalex.org/W4210605400","https://openalex.org/W4210897217","https://openalex.org/W4234321889","https://openalex.org/W4298185589","https://openalex.org/W4298391980","https://openalex.org/W4299601558","https://openalex.org/W4388362242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968785367","https://openalex.org/W4364368097","https://openalex.org/W4321486279","https://openalex.org/W1991773763","https://openalex.org/W3122041153","https://openalex.org/W4417516519","https://openalex.org/W1509273039","https://openalex.org/W2943724629","https://openalex.org/W2766410344","https://openalex.org/W2147823232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"second":[1],"face":[2],"of":[3,20,23,89,136],"evil":[4],"is":[5,14,64],"hurtful,":[6],"rather":[7],"than":[8,74,91],"malevolent.":[9],"We":[10,110],"argue":[11],"that":[12,56,81,116],"this":[13,112],"likely":[15],"to":[16,45,85,106,124],"be":[17],"the":[18,29,34,40,50,121,128],"form":[19],"wrongdoing":[21],"characteristic":[22],"corporate":[24,137],"actors.":[25],"This":[26],"article":[27],"views":[28],"corporation":[30],"at":[31],"3":[32],"levels:":[33],"individual":[35,41,75],"self-interested":[36],"actors":[37,42],"within":[38],"it,":[39],"who":[43],"respond":[44],"their":[46],"hierarchical":[47],"position,":[48],"and":[49,69,96,127],"hierarchy":[51],"(corporation)":[52],"itself.":[53],"Research":[54],"shows":[55],"action":[57],"inside":[58],"complex":[59],"organizations":[60,84,105],"such":[61],"as":[62],"corporations":[63],"not":[65],"necessarily":[66],"more":[67],"rational":[68],"informed":[70],"by":[71,114],"greater":[72,108],"foresight":[73],"actions,":[76],"but":[77],"several":[78],"studies":[79],"indicate":[80],"individuals":[82,92],"hold":[83],"a":[86],"higher":[87],"level":[88],"responsibility":[90],"committing":[93],"similar":[94],"acts,":[95],"they":[97,103],"do":[98],"so":[99],"in":[100],"part":[101],"because":[102],"perceive":[104],"enjoy":[107],"foresight.":[109],"address":[111,119],"paradox":[113],"suggesting":[115],"future":[117],"research":[118],"how":[120],"corporation's":[122],"obligations":[123],"foresee":[125],"consequences":[126,131],"sheer,":[129],"primitive":[130],"themselves":[132],"may":[133],"shape":[134],"perceptions":[135],"foreseeability.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}