{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006344290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","title":"2Am-DNT Induces Cell Death and Apoptosis in Human Cells","display_name":"2Am-DNT Induces Cell Death and Apoptosis in Human Cells","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006344290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","mag":"2006344290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19888910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183237076","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology","issn_l":"0731-8898","issn":["0731-8898","2162-6537"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315730","host_organization_name":"Begell House","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Begell House"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111733807","display_name":"Hirendranath Banerjee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65399651","display_name":"Elizabeth City State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5cs023","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirendranath Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, University of North Carolina, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA. bhirendranath@mail.ecsu.edu","Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, University of North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, University of North Carolina, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA. bhirendranath@mail.ecsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, University of North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085505706","display_name":"Zack Hawkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65399651","display_name":"Elizabeth City State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5cs023","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Science, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Science, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074800822","display_name":"Momoh Audu Yakubu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6072-2473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6072-2473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65399651","display_name":"Elizabeth City State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5cs023","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Yakubu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Science, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Science, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044586487","display_name":"Duane T. Smoot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65399651","display_name":"Elizabeth City State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5cs023","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Smoot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Science, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmaceutical Science, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65399651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055688201","display_name":"M. Asktorab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Asktorab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20059, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20059, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038987192","display_name":"S. K. Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-2409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-2409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. K. Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20059, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20059, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12692955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"231","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.055799998342990875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12356","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-amino-4-6-dinitrotoluene","display_name":"2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-death","display_name":"cell death","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-fragmentation","display_name":"DNA fragmentation","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytochrome-p450-metabolism","display_name":"cytochrome P450 metabolism","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotoxicity","display_name":"genotoxicity","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.7872554063796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.7589154839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020810314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptotic cell death","level":4,"score":0.4130558371543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3675921559333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3443269729614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14591312408447266}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000814","descriptor_name":"Aniline Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004249","descriptor_name":"DNA Damage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004277","descriptor_name":"DNA, Single-Stranded","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004277","descriptor_name":"DNA, Single-Stranded","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008856","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014343","descriptor_name":"Trypan Blue","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020287","descriptor_name":"In Situ Nick-End Labeling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i3.40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183237076","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology","issn_l":"0731-8898","issn":["0731-8898","2162-6537"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315730","host_organization_name":"Begell House","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Begell House"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19888910","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19888910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413471803","https://openalex.org/W7099136351","https://openalex.org/W163299270","https://openalex.org/W7099787923","https://openalex.org/W2771001501","https://openalex.org/W2463596303","https://openalex.org/W4243612118","https://openalex.org/W1965164190","https://openalex.org/W2084385041","https://openalex.org/W2575709937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"microbial":[1],"or":[2,14],"mammalian":[3,44,79,152],"cell":[4,82],"metabolism,":[5],"TNT":[6,47],"(2,4,6-tinitrotoluene)":[7],"is":[8,25,48,58,149],"reduced":[9],"to":[10,40,50,151],"2Am-DNT":[11,24,51,76],"(2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene),":[12],"4Am-DNT,":[13],"2,4-diamino-NT":[15],"(2,4-diaminonitrotoluelne)":[16],"depending":[17],"on":[18],"the":[19,26,30,43,53,91,108,117],"specific":[20],"organism.":[21],"The":[22],"metabolite":[23],"most":[27],"common":[28],"of":[29,78,110,143],"TBT":[31],"biotransformation":[32],"pathways":[33],"in":[34,42,72,104],"bacterial":[35],"and":[36,130,154],"fungal":[37],"species":[38],"studied":[39],"date.":[41],"liver":[45],"cells,":[46],"metabolized":[49],"by":[52,84,90,107,124,131],"P450":[54],"enzyme":[55],"system.":[56],"Apoptosis":[57],"rapidly":[59],"emerging":[60],"as":[61,98],"a":[62,111,133,137],"relevant":[63],"endpoint":[64],"for":[65,136],"detecting":[66],"low-dose":[67],"toxin":[68],"exposure.":[69],"We":[70],"report":[71],"this":[73],"study":[74],"that":[75,147],"treatment":[77],"cells":[80,106,153],"causes":[81],"death":[83,87],"apoptosis.":[85,156],"Cell":[86],"was":[88],"assayed":[89],"Trypan":[92],"Blue":[93],"method.":[94],"Apoptotic":[95],"changes,":[96],"such":[97],"DNA":[99,120,139],"break":[100],"down,":[101],"were":[102],"detected":[103],"treated":[105],"production":[109],"dark-brown":[112],"DAB":[113],"(diaminobenzidine)":[114],"signal":[115],"using":[116,132],"Fragel":[118],"Klenow":[119],"fragment":[121],"detection":[122],"system,":[123],"immunohistochemical":[125],"techniques":[126],"with":[127],"fluorescence":[128],"microscopy,":[129],"microplate":[134],"reader":[135],"single-stranded":[138],"binding":[140],"assay.":[141],"All":[142],"these":[144],"results":[145],"showed":[146],"2am-DNT":[148],"toxic":[150],"induces":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}