{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006228616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","title":"Barriers To Protection: Turkey's Asylum Regulations","display_name":"Barriers To Protection: Turkey's Asylum Regulations","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006228616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","mag":"2006228616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59956449","display_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","issn_l":"0953-8186","issn":["0953-8186","1464-3715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087626788","display_name":"Bill Frelick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136430","display_name":"U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants","ror":"https://ror.org/03gamv550","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136430"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. FRELICK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Policy Analyst, U.S. Committee for Refugees (USCR), Washington, D.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Policy Analyst, U.S. Committee for Refugees (USCR), Washington, D.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087626788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136430"],"apc_list":{"value":2998,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3954},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95917326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"8","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13501","display_name":"Legal Issues in Turkey","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asylum-regulations","display_name":"asylum regulations","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey","display_name":"Turkey","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1951-refugee-convention","display_name":"1951 Refugee Convention","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-refugees","display_name":"Iranian refugees","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraqi-refugees","display_name":"Iraqi refugees","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-refoulement","display_name":"non-refoulement","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-repatriation","display_name":"forced repatriation","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unhcr","display_name":"UNHCR","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-status-recognition","display_name":"refugee recognition","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asylum-seekers","display_name":"asylum seekers","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-law","display_name":"refugee law","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.8989061117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6100320219993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61270903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156987","display_name":"Comprehensive Plan of Action","level":3,"score":0.5735713243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5623485445976257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.5269221663475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537575062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851824","display_name":"Persecution","level":3,"score":0.5218628644943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.49279120564460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.4437181353569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564811","display_name":"Asylum seeker","level":3,"score":0.4334816336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124119293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046081","display_name":"Interdiction","level":2,"score":0.43342775106430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544040105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132781","display_name":"Torture","level":3,"score":0.4304152727127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3078451156616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2405121624469757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13181939721107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.1.8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59956449","display_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","issn_l":"0953-8186","issn":["0953-8186","1464-3715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7138950951","https://openalex.org/W2582694098","https://openalex.org/W7070912878","https://openalex.org/W7019983236","https://openalex.org/W3038039783","https://openalex.org/W4226466194","https://openalex.org/W2140211037","https://openalex.org/W7117421609","https://openalex.org/W2734087924","https://openalex.org/W2759076782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Turkey,":[0],"whose":[1],"accession":[2],"to":[3,44,48,64,83,124,126,136,173,181,195,254,258],"the":[4,42,49,59,74,88,91,97,116,166,182,201,213,223,229,240],"1951":[5],"Refugee":[6],"Convention":[7],"includes":[8],"a":[9,24,131,148],"reservation":[10],"that":[11,127,222],"excludes":[12],"non-Europeans":[13,63,239],"from":[14],"recognition":[15,161],"as":[16,36,110,162,242],"refugees,":[17,145],"promulgated":[18],"regulations":[19,61],"in":[20,106,119,210,244],"November":[21],"1994":[22],"establishing":[23],"system":[25],"for":[26,53,77,170,260],"determining":[27],"whether":[28],"non-European":[29],"refugee":[30,246],"claimants":[31],"would":[32],"even":[33],"be":[34,40],"considered":[35],"\u2018asylum":[37,163],"seekers\u2019":[38,164],"and":[39,155,176,205,209,231,248,250],"given":[41],"opportunity":[43],"present":[45],"their":[46,66,85,138,185,196],"claims":[47,68,86,139],"UN":[50],"High":[51],"Commissioner":[52],"Refugees":[54],"(UNHCR).":[55],"Among":[56],"other":[57,206],"provisions,":[58],"new":[60],"require":[62],"file":[65,84],"asylum":[67,236],"within":[69,130],"five":[70],"days":[71],"of":[72,151,184,198,203,212,217],"entering":[73],"country,":[75],"and,":[76],"those":[78],"arriving":[79,105],"with":[80,87,140,147,256],"improper":[81],"documents,":[82],"police":[89,142],"at":[90],"location":[92],"nearest":[93],"where":[94],"they":[95],"entered":[96],"country.":[98],"In":[99,187],"effect,":[100],"this":[101],"means":[102],"diat":[103],"Iranians":[104,154],"major":[107],"cities":[108],"such":[109],"Ankara":[111],"or":[112],"Istanbul":[113],"after":[114],"traversing":[115],"war":[117],"zone":[118],"southeastern":[120],"Turkey":[121,190],"are":[122],"required":[123],"return":[125],"dangerous":[128],"area":[129],"very":[132],"short":[133],"time":[134,230],"period":[135],"register":[137],"local":[141],"officials.":[143],"Genuine":[144],"persons":[146,259],"well-founded":[149],"fear":[150],"persecution,":[152],"particularly":[153],"Iraqis,":[156],"have":[157],"been":[158],"denied":[159],"official":[160],"by":[165],"Turkish":[167,224],"authorities":[168],"often":[169],"having":[171],"failed":[172],"meet":[174],"arbitrary":[175],"restrictive":[177],"filing":[178,235],"requirements":[179],"unrelated":[180],"merits":[183],"claims.":[186],"some":[188],"cases,":[189],"has":[191],"forcibly":[192],"repatriated":[193],"refugees":[194],"countries":[197],"origin,":[199],"despite":[200],"intervention":[202],"UNHCR":[204,255,262],"humanitarian":[207],"organizations,":[208],"violation":[211],"international":[214],"legal":[215],"norm":[216],"non-refoulement.":[218],"The":[219],"author":[220],"recommends":[221],"government,":[225],"inter":[226],"alia,":[227],"drop":[228],"geographical":[232],"limits":[233],"on":[234],"claims,":[237],"treat":[238],"same":[241],"Europeans":[243],"its":[245],"law":[247],"practice,":[249],"give":[251],"greater":[252],"deference":[253],"regard":[257],"whom":[261],"expresses":[263],"concern.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
