{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006077585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00915064","title":"The biology of the human natural killer cell","display_name":"The biology of the human natural killer cell","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006077585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00915064","mag":"2006077585","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6292259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00915064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00915064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00915064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57504206","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology","issn_l":"0271-9142","issn":["0271-9142","1573-2592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111715744","display_name":"John Roder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Roder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111989733","display_name":"Hugh F. Pross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh F. Pross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada","Department of Radiation Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":{"value":4990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":158,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99055479,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"249","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-killer-cells","display_name":"natural killer cells","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-granular-lymphocytes","display_name":"large granular lymphocytes","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-recognition","display_name":"carbohydrate recognition","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phospholipase-a2","display_name":"phospholipase A2","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-surveillance","display_name":"tumor surveillance","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-immunity","display_name":"antiviral immunity","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematopoiesis-regulation","display_name":"hematopoietic regulation","score":0.9959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6906204223632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73588182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663023","display_name":"Cytolysis","level":4,"score":0.6448796987533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49039625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84230","display_name":"Secretion","level":2,"score":0.5808079242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28651165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4259786","display_name":"Lymphokine-activated killer cell","level":5,"score":0.5612479448318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5288209319114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332181","display_name":"Natural killer cell","level":4,"score":0.5250185132026672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4820348024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.47994735836982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4691934287548065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129374314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909381","display_name":"Interleukin 21","level":4,"score":0.36288344860076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.30995267629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.21324500441551208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.1918146014213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17097356915473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11331668496131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.09651216864585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003594","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasmic Granules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003602","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006410","descriptor_name":"Hematopoiesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007154","descriptor_name":"Immune System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008563","descriptor_name":"Membrane Lipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011971","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013481","descriptor_name":"Superoxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00915064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00915064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00915064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57504206","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology","issn_l":"0271-9142","issn":["0271-9142","1573-2592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6292259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6292259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical immunology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":200,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32073311","https://openalex.org/W34513091","https://openalex.org/W149403348","https://openalex.org/W159639237","https://openalex.org/W199389074","https://openalex.org/W219213399","https://openalex.org/W229384513","https://openalex.org/W270391304","https://openalex.org/W1480227394","https://openalex.org/W1482804511","https://openalex.org/W1485685080","https://openalex.org/W1489850871","https://openalex.org/W1490675470","https://openalex.org/W1497098918","https://openalex.org/W1504600626","https://openalex.org/W1504875452","https://openalex.org/W1513005847","https://openalex.org/W1518220185","https://openalex.org/W1520282773","https://openalex.org/W1528123089","https://openalex.org/W1528682116","https://openalex.org/W1534916753","https://openalex.org/W1535399024","https://openalex.org/W1549045017","https://openalex.org/W1561881891","https://openalex.org/W1565582844","https://openalex.org/W1567106414","https://openalex.org/W1575303615","https://openalex.org/W1576466466","https://openalex.org/W1578197313","https://openalex.org/W1579276110","https://openalex.org/W1579446502","https://openalex.org/W1582089166","https://openalex.org/W1582783112","https://openalex.org/W1585665776","https://openalex.org/W1585835155","https://openalex.org/W1595615699","https://openalex.org/W1597764906","https://openalex.org/W1598355476","https://openalex.org/W1602304325","https://openalex.org/W1606983135","https://openalex.org/W1610716565","https://openalex.org/W1626621068","https://openalex.org/W1637823542","https://openalex.org/W1642658014","https://openalex.org/W1653924208","https://openalex.org/W1760041358","https://openalex.org/W1871875262","https://openalex.org/W1899980932","https://openalex.org/W1913834842","https://openalex.org/W1916860035","https://openalex.org/W1920873020","https://openalex.org/W1924778996","https://openalex.org/W1963686649","https://openalex.org/W1964792760","https://openalex.org/W1967909515","https://openalex.org/W1969355380","https://openalex.org/W1970848880","https://openalex.org/W1973269199","https://openalex.org/W1976394690","https://openalex.org/W1979343444","https://openalex.org/W1979779095","https://openalex.org/W1980535421","https://openalex.org/W1981035519","https://openalex.org/W1983186339","https://openalex.org/W1985979323","https://openalex.org/W1986219103","https://openalex.org/W1989197285","https://openalex.org/W1991879524","https://openalex.org/W1992182346","https://openalex.org/W1993319836","https://openalex.org/W1994889439","https://openalex.org/W1995560845","https://openalex.org/W1995958088","https://openalex.org/W1998322123","https://openalex.org/W1999237928","https://openalex.org/W1999274871","https://openalex.org/W1999473108","https://openalex.org/W1999917522","https://openalex.org/W2002373839","https://openalex.org/W2003464992","https://openalex.org/W2003860261","https://openalex.org/W2005680325","https://openalex.org/W2007835830","https://openalex.org/W2007839185","https://openalex.org/W2014953102","https://openalex.org/W2019995256","https://openalex.org/W2020324390","https://openalex.org/W2020825132","https://openalex.org/W2021380269","https://openalex.org/W2022285897","https://openalex.org/W2023234016","https://openalex.org/W2023552325","https://openalex.org/W2023840999","https://openalex.org/W2026495947","https://openalex.org/W2027335406","https://openalex.org/W2027611582","https://openalex.org/W2027662858","https://openalex.org/W2031224007","https://openalex.org/W2033449741","https://openalex.org/W2033671461","https://openalex.org/W2034080910","https://openalex.org/W2034713890","https://openalex.org/W2035152288","https://openalex.org/W2036207115","https://openalex.org/W2037554647","https://openalex.org/W2038892282","https://openalex.org/W2041428144","https://openalex.org/W2041608343","https://openalex.org/W2042081963","https://openalex.org/W2043701906","https://openalex.org/W2045228140","https://openalex.org/W2047039569","https://openalex.org/W2047777355","https://openalex.org/W2048328821","https://openalex.org/W2050802204","https://openalex.org/W2055022264","https://openalex.org/W2055661807","https://openalex.org/W2058250164","https://openalex.org/W2058280424","https://openalex.org/W2058841383","https://openalex.org/W2061049446","https://openalex.org/W2063638468","https://openalex.org/W2065901215","https://openalex.org/W2066870874","https://openalex.org/W2067295489","https://openalex.org/W2067323665","https://openalex.org/W2067446554","https://openalex.org/W2067561689","https://openalex.org/W2067758969","https://openalex.org/W2071643233","https://openalex.org/W2072558223","https://openalex.org/W2075958610","https://openalex.org/W2079025349","https://openalex.org/W2079779493","https://openalex.org/W2080561961","https://openalex.org/W2080820250","https://openalex.org/W2083003235","https://openalex.org/W2083338379","https://openalex.org/W2085961088","https://openalex.org/W2085993549","https://openalex.org/W2087092024","https://openalex.org/W2087103155","https://openalex.org/W2088740471","https://openalex.org/W2090550544","https://openalex.org/W2093583653","https://openalex.org/W2093607687","https://openalex.org/W2094668768","https://openalex.org/W2100673560","https://openalex.org/W2100877079","https://openalex.org/W2106059483","https://openalex.org/W2109005205","https://openalex.org/W2115173524","https://openalex.org/W2115874670","https://openalex.org/W2117596832","https://openalex.org/W2129278872","https://openalex.org/W2133093242","https://openalex.org/W2133166743","https://openalex.org/W2137255551","https://openalex.org/W2138517012","https://openalex.org/W2143143209","https://openalex.org/W2144850491","https://openalex.org/W2144931720","https://openalex.org/W2146814362","https://openalex.org/W2150907854","https://openalex.org/W2153735036","https://openalex.org/W2155062305","https://openalex.org/W2161082695","https://openalex.org/W2162056981","https://openalex.org/W2167434686","https://openalex.org/W2213662473","https://openalex.org/W2216360019","https://openalex.org/W2221548891","https://openalex.org/W2258889941","https://openalex.org/W2263809717","https://openalex.org/W2286176284","https://openalex.org/W2316646354","https://openalex.org/W2324721403","https://openalex.org/W2395915690","https://openalex.org/W2398363224","https://openalex.org/W2400640362","https://openalex.org/W2410988306","https://openalex.org/W2412881712","https://openalex.org/W2415481706","https://openalex.org/W2416892729","https://openalex.org/W2417467491","https://openalex.org/W2417877933","https://openalex.org/W2435394378","https://openalex.org/W2438225038","https://openalex.org/W2471463609","https://openalex.org/W2892862225","https://openalex.org/W3192023144","https://openalex.org/W4233514643","https://openalex.org/W4299884699","https://openalex.org/W4300777102","https://openalex.org/W4313306132","https://openalex.org/W4313310658","https://openalex.org/W4313311482","https://openalex.org/W4313313358","https://openalex.org/W4313313453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W303402334","https://openalex.org/W2407748302","https://openalex.org/W2469812931","https://openalex.org/W2466227083","https://openalex.org/W960745990","https://openalex.org/W3139114765","https://openalex.org/W2043883666","https://openalex.org/W2047316771","https://openalex.org/W1970568241","https://openalex.org/W7145942313"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}