{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006045568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","title":"Patterns","display_name":"Patterns","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006045568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","mag":"2006045568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/217838.217863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/217838.217863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418083","display_name":"Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/217838.217863","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010437018","display_name":"Steven Fraser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-6585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-6585"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["BNR/Nortel (Moderator)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BNR/Nortel (Moderator)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049565313","display_name":"Grady Booch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4307-3377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4307-3377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121679","display_name":"Rational (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehvej48","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121679"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grady Booch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rational"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rational","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048753191","display_name":"Frank Buschmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Buschmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113530611","display_name":"Jim Coplien","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Coplien","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T","At&T#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"At&T#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010515919","display_name":"Norm Kerth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norm Kerth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elite Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elite Systems","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020454258","display_name":"Ivar Jacobson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivar Jacobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Objectory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Objectory","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083871571","display_name":"Mary Beth Rosson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-3401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-3401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Beth Rosson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1111,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97590361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"231","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12490","display_name":"Software Engineering and Design Patterns","score":0.7675999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12490","display_name":"Software Engineering and Design Patterns","score":0.7675999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.1868000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-patterns","display_name":"design patterns","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-design","display_name":"object-oriented design","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reuse","display_name":"software reuse","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"object-oriented programming","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6420972347259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5881133675575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.41375818848609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37613290548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.34966981410980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/217838.217863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/217838.217863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418083","display_name":"Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/217838.217863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/217838.217863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418083","display_name":"Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2006045568.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2006045568.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980606385","https://openalex.org/W2087772597","https://openalex.org/W129516865","https://openalex.org/W7098653035","https://openalex.org/W4367727901","https://openalex.org/W53373996","https://openalex.org/W2994958689","https://openalex.org/W2062864647","https://openalex.org/W1999965852","https://openalex.org/W2022310066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Article":[0],"Free":[1],"Access":[2],"Share":[3],"on":[4,78,132],"Patterns:":[5],"cult":[6],"to":[7,142,146,148],"culture?":[8],"Authors:":[9],"Steven":[10],"Fraser":[11],"BNR/Nortel":[12,14],"(Moderator)":[13],"(Moderator)View":[15],"Profile":[16,22,28,34,42,48,65],",":[17,23,29,35,43,49],"Grady":[18],"Booch":[19],"Rational":[20],"RationalView":[21],"Frank":[24],"Buschmann":[25],"Siemens":[26],"SiemensView":[27],"Jim":[30],"Coplien":[31],"AT&T":[32],"AT&TView":[33],"Norm":[36],"Kerth":[37],"Elite":[38,40],"Systems":[39],"SystemsView":[41],"Ivar":[44],"Jacobson":[45],"Objectory":[46],"ObjectoryView":[47],"Mary":[50],"Beth":[51],"Rosson":[52],"Virginia":[53,59],"Polytechnic":[54,60],"Institute":[55,61],"and":[56,62,83,109],"State":[57,63],"University":[58],"UniversityView":[64],"Authors":[66],"Info":[67],"&":[68],"Claims":[69],"OOPSLA":[70],"'95:":[71],"Proceedings":[72],"of":[73],"the":[74,133],"tenth":[75],"annual":[76],"conference":[77],"Object-oriented":[79],"programming":[80],"systems,":[81],"languages,":[82],"applicationsOctober":[84],"1995":[85],"Pages":[86],"231\u2013234https://doi.org/10.1145/217838.217863Online:17":[87],"October":[88],"1995Publication":[89],"History":[90],"3citation600DownloadsMetricsTotal":[91],"Citations3Total":[92],"Downloads600Last":[93],"12":[94],"Months19Last":[95],"6":[96],"weeks0":[97],"Get":[98],"Citation":[99,101,138],"AlertsNew":[100,137],"Alert":[102],"added!This":[103],"alert":[104,129],"has":[105,124],"been":[106,125],"successfully":[107],"added":[108],"will":[110,114],"be":[111,115],"sent":[112],"to:You":[113],"notified":[116],"whenever":[117],"a":[118,150],"record":[119],"that":[120],"you":[121],"have":[122],"chosen":[123],"cited.To":[126],"manage":[127],"your":[128,143],"preferences,":[130],"click":[131],"button":[134],"below.Manage":[135],"my":[136],"Alert!Please":[139],"log":[140],"in":[141],"account":[144],"Save":[145],"BinderSave":[147],"BinderCreate":[149],"New":[151],"BinderNameCancelCreateExport":[152],"CitationPublisher":[153],"SiteeReaderPDF":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}