{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005995073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2760376","title":"Japan's Administrative Elite.","display_name":"Japan's Administrative Elite.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005995073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2760376","mag":"2005995073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2760376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2760376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2760376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22496335","display_name":"Pacific Affairs","issn_l":"0030-851X","issn":["0030-851X","1715-3379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313051","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of British Columbia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pacific Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101619245","display_name":"Akira Kubota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-9031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-9031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akira Kubota","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101619245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96142853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.02889999933540821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-bureaucracy","display_name":"Japanese bureaucracy","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-elites","display_name":"administrative elites","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-service-recruitment","display_name":"civil service recruitment","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-service-promotion","display_name":"civil service promotion","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-service-retirement","display_name":"civil service retirement","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-management","display_name":"public sector management","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-public-administration","display_name":"comparative public administration","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialized-democracies","display_name":"advanced industrial democracies","score":0.6800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.8762091398239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4336748421192169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07523375749588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.051198214292526245}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2760376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2760376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2760376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22496335","display_name":"Pacific Affairs","issn_l":"0030-851X","issn":["0030-851X","1715-3379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313051","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of British Columbia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pacific Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2478817760","https://openalex.org/W2109221086","https://openalex.org/W2121726068","https://openalex.org/W2354109003","https://openalex.org/W2032498257","https://openalex.org/W4406826747","https://openalex.org/W2476435809","https://openalex.org/W1486739674","https://openalex.org/W4285269387","https://openalex.org/W4416299528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"major":[1],"player":[2],"in":[3,15,23,59,96,150,161],"Japanese":[4,137,146,171,224],"society":[5],"is":[6,86,195],"its":[7,20,25,35,41,82,192],"government":[8,36],"bureaucracy.":[9],"Neither":[10],"Japan's":[11,93],"phenomenal":[12],"track":[13,202],"record":[14],"the":[16,97,133,136,151,154,170,183,188,196,231,239],"world":[17],"marketplace":[18],"nor":[19],"remarkable":[21],"success":[22,234],"managing":[24],"domestic":[26],"affairs":[27],"can":[28,235],"be":[29,165,236],"understood":[30],"without":[31],"insight":[32],"into":[33],"how":[34,40,49,63,229],"bureaucracy":[37,147],"works":[38],"-":[39],"elite":[42,95,194],"administrators":[43],"are":[44,65,148],"recruited,":[45],"socialized,":[46],"and":[47,54,67,89,111,115,119,129,131,179,209],"promoted;":[48],"they":[50,64,73,158],"interact":[51],"among":[52],"themselves":[53,160],"with":[55,206],"other":[56,121],"principal":[57],"players":[58],"Japan,":[60],"notably":[61],"politicians;":[62],"rewarded;":[66],"what":[68],"happens":[69],"to":[70,102,156,164],"them":[71],"when":[72],"retire":[74],"at":[75],"a":[76,200,204,217],"relatively":[77],"young":[78],"age.":[79],"Yet,":[80],"despite":[81],"pivotal":[83],"importance,":[84],"there":[85],"no":[87],"comprehensive":[88],"up-to-date":[90],"study":[91],"of":[92,109,135,139,145,173,191,199,220,233,242],"administrative":[94,193,221],"English":[98],"language.This":[99],"book":[100],"seeks":[101],"fill":[103],"that":[104,169],"gap.":[105],"Koh":[106,167],"examines":[107],"patterns":[108],"continuity":[110],"change,":[112],"identifies":[113],"similarities":[114],"differences":[116],"between":[117],"Japan":[118,162,185],"four":[120],"industrialized":[122],"democracies":[123],"(the":[124],"United":[125],"States,":[126],"Britain,":[127],"France,":[128],"Germany),":[130],"assesses":[132],"implications":[134],"model":[138,172],"public":[140,174],"management.":[141],"Though":[142],"many":[143],"features":[144],"found":[149],"Western":[152],"democracies,":[153],"degree":[155],"which":[157],"manifest":[159],"appears":[163],"unsurpassed.":[166],"shows":[168],"management":[175],"contains":[176],"both":[177],"strengths":[178],"weaknesses.":[180],"For":[181],"example,":[182],"price":[184,232],"pays":[186],"for":[187],"high":[189],"caliber":[190],"stifling":[197],"rigidity":[198],"multiple":[201],"system,":[203],"system":[205],"second-class":[207],"citizens":[208],"demoralized":[210],"non-career":[211],"civil":[212],"servants":[213],"who":[214],"actually":[215],"bear":[216],"lion's":[218],"share":[219],"burden.":[222],"The":[223],"experience":[225],"demonstrates":[226],"not":[227],"only":[228],"steep":[230],"but":[237],"also":[238],"enduring":[240],"effects":[241],"culture":[243],"over":[244],"structure.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:14:20.161405","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}