{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005694233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","title":"Fritz Haber: December 9, 1868\u2013January 29, 1934","display_name":"Fritz Haber: December 9, 1868\u2013January 29, 1934","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005694233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","mag":"2005694233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11023428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128555845","display_name":"Toxicology","issn_l":"0300-483X","issn":["0300-483X","1879-3185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110218045","display_name":"Hanspeter R. Witschi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanspeter Witschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEH and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis 95616, USA. hrwitschi@ucdavis.edu","ITEH and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis 95616, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEH and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis 95616, USA. hrwitschi@ucdavis.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEH and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110218045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94689057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"149","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13495","display_name":"Biographical and Historical Analysis","score":0.1421000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14275","display_name":"Historical Medical Research and Treatments","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fritz-haber","display_name":"Fritz Haber","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haber-bosch-process","display_name":"Haber-Bosch process","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fixation","display_name":"nitrogen fixation","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haber-weiss-reaction","display_name":"Haber-Weiss reaction","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-toxicology","display_name":"history of toxicology","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy","display_name":"science policy","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-persecution-of-scientists","display_name":"Nazi persecution of scientists","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry","display_name":"physical chemistry","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993936978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339619","display_name":"Nobel laureate","level":3,"score":0.6544904708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5616717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310","display_name":"Nazism","level":3,"score":0.581567645072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644","display_name":"Chemist","level":2,"score":0.5485435724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.5056030750274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.49529972672462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.37434881925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.34700727462768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.31571805477142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30655884742736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.300268292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2931564450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2634729743003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.25432389974594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1018139123916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002618","descriptor_name":"Chemical Warfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002627","descriptor_name":"Chemistry, Physical","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009586","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen Fixation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009613","descriptor_name":"Nobel Prize","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00227-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128555845","display_name":"Toxicology","issn_l":"0300-483X","issn":["0300-483X","1879-3185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11023428","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11023428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2565167823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES 07908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4673305677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES00628","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5693810558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES05707","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6184809256","display_name":"Pulmonary Effects of Environmental Oxidant Pollutants","funder_award_id":"5p01es000628-36","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8726503","display_name":"ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE AND LUNG CANCER","funder_award_id":"5r01es007908-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603526948","https://openalex.org/W1952974930","https://openalex.org/W1976221378","https://openalex.org/W2105081649","https://openalex.org/W2317931442","https://openalex.org/W2320490631","https://openalex.org/W2324713098","https://openalex.org/W4235365437","https://openalex.org/W6795558468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044864828","https://openalex.org/W569268318","https://openalex.org/W2612330843","https://openalex.org/W2078049885","https://openalex.org/W6905784770","https://openalex.org/W7039907510","https://openalex.org/W1945163537","https://openalex.org/W589243601","https://openalex.org/W2171836367","https://openalex.org/W3113191724"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
