{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005691882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","title":"Comprehensive model of 1550 nm MEMS-tunable high-contrast-grating VCSELs","display_name":"Comprehensive model of 1550 nm MEMS-tunable high-contrast-grating VCSELs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005691882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","mag":"2005691882","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24718226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.22.008541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072105815","display_name":"Pengfei Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-8692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-8692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111115894","display_name":"Guan-Lin Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-8212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-8212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Lin Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101987289","display_name":"Yi Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-5253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-5253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669891","display_name":"Ming C. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-6686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-6686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming C. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056639961","display_name":"Connie J. Chang-Hasnain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-6267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-6267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connie J. Chang-Hasnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113753500","display_name":"Shun Lien Chuang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Lien Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"fwci":0.8856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76852234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"8541","last_page":"8541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-contrast-gratings","display_name":"high-contrast gratings","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-lasers","display_name":"vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1550-nm-laser","display_name":"1.55 \u03bcm lasers","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-gain","display_name":"optical gain","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-emission","display_name":"spontaneous emission","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating-reflectivity","display_name":"grating reflectivity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cavity-resonance","display_name":"cavity resonance","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-modeling","display_name":"electrostatic modeling","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependent-current-voltage-characteristics","display_name":"temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics","score":0.7089999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7837205529212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7390428185462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.6989302039146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40637687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676237","display_name":"Lasing threshold","level":3,"score":0.6420632600784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6133914589881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5520225763320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.5503584146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126753812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653294","display_name":"Diffraction grating","level":3,"score":0.5008020401000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.41090863943099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1331767737865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.1099458634853363}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.22.008541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24718226","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24718226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics express","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.22.008541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.008541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984690307","https://openalex.org/W1987217112","https://openalex.org/W2006271366","https://openalex.org/W2037928928","https://openalex.org/W2060226730","https://openalex.org/W2065353749","https://openalex.org/W2070075247","https://openalex.org/W2075395376","https://openalex.org/W2109671170","https://openalex.org/W2109996588","https://openalex.org/W2146567523","https://openalex.org/W2150082996","https://openalex.org/W2151714721","https://openalex.org/W2151823191","https://openalex.org/W2154418485","https://openalex.org/W2157477209","https://openalex.org/W2158624477","https://openalex.org/W2295890772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390482435","https://openalex.org/W2070300403","https://openalex.org/W2049732366","https://openalex.org/W2046648124","https://openalex.org/W2472242535","https://openalex.org/W1998797451","https://openalex.org/W2586408839","https://openalex.org/W2482937678","https://openalex.org/W2148540783","https://openalex.org/W2026809834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"comprehensive":[1],"theoretical":[2],"model":[3,17,51],"for":[4,52],"the":[5,19,26,36,46,49,53,59,62],"long-wavelength":[6],"micro-electro-mechanical-tunable":[7],"high-contrast-grating":[8],"vertical-cavity":[9],"surface-emitting":[10],"lasers":[11],"is":[12],"presented.":[13],"Our":[14],"band":[15],"structure":[16],"calculates":[18],"optical":[20,43],"gain":[21],"and":[22,35],"spontaneous":[23],"emission":[24],"of":[25],"InGaAlAs":[27],"quantum":[28],"well":[29],"active":[30],"region.":[31],"The":[32],"grating":[33],"reflectivity":[34],"cavity":[37],"resonance":[38],"condition":[39],"are":[40],"investigated":[41],"through":[42],"modeling.":[44],"Correlating":[45],"results":[47],"with":[48,80],"electrostatic":[50],"micro-electro-mechanical":[54],"system,":[55],"we":[56],"accurately":[57],"predict":[58],"measurements":[60],"on":[61],"voltage-contolled":[63],"lasing":[64],"wavelength.":[65],"Furthermore,":[66],"our":[67],"calculated":[68],"temperature-dependent":[69],"wavelength-tunable":[70],"light":[71],"output":[72],"vs.":[73],"current":[74],"(L-I)":[75],"curves":[76],"show":[77],"excellent":[78],"agreement":[79],"experiment.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}