{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005686771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","title":"The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the triangle of autocracy, oil and foreign powers","display_name":"The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the triangle of autocracy, oil and foreign powers","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005686771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","mag":"2005686771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81956514","display_name":"Contemporary Arab Affairs","issn_l":"1755-0912","issn":["1755-0912","1755-0920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Arab Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021976179","display_name":"Yousef Khalifah al-Yousef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Khalifa Al-Yousef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor Emeritus, University of the United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor Emeritus, University of the United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021976179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85530358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.16760000586509705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-cooperation-council","display_name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarian-regimes","display_name":"authoritarian regimes","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-wealth","display_name":"oil wealth","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-intervention","display_name":"foreign intervention","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-foreign-policy","display_name":"US foreign policy","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-stability","display_name":"regional stability","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-integration","display_name":"regional integration","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-goals","display_name":"developmental goals","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144661447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173424","display_name":"Autocracy","level":4,"score":0.9212198257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776554220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760011","display_name":"Prosperity","level":2,"score":0.7640509009361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5599993467330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878249","display_name":"Alliance","level":2,"score":0.5129992365837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.48084816336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.47250378131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4614824652671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.44206202030181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177987515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13218212","display_name":"Oil reserves","level":3,"score":0.4106600284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.39144957065582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39019399881362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3663373291492462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.22353079915046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21224525570869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10545110702514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81956514","display_name":"Contemporary Arab Affairs","issn_l":"1755-0912","issn":["1755-0912","1755-0920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Arab Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7510786","https://openalex.org/W35937919","https://openalex.org/W223593635","https://openalex.org/W639421450","https://openalex.org/W648818496","https://openalex.org/W656253491","https://openalex.org/W1487424176","https://openalex.org/W1490002422","https://openalex.org/W1493914909","https://openalex.org/W1502322027","https://openalex.org/W1504201008","https://openalex.org/W1513166880","https://openalex.org/W1515936940","https://openalex.org/W1522889600","https://openalex.org/W1572302546","https://openalex.org/W1590935343","https://openalex.org/W1911257304","https://openalex.org/W1961035346","https://openalex.org/W1967003967","https://openalex.org/W1974595659","https://openalex.org/W1987771791","https://openalex.org/W2008878015","https://openalex.org/W2010873136","https://openalex.org/W2017810225","https://openalex.org/W2083365445","https://openalex.org/W2120323936","https://openalex.org/W2158746942","https://openalex.org/W2160179515","https://openalex.org/W2321227872","https://openalex.org/W2328619382","https://openalex.org/W2338597587","https://openalex.org/W2801009174","https://openalex.org/W3008407353","https://openalex.org/W3022607966","https://openalex.org/W3147345998","https://openalex.org/W4206192575","https://openalex.org/W4236813977","https://openalex.org/W4246774135","https://openalex.org/W4248183194","https://openalex.org/W4248236360","https://openalex.org/W4253902325","https://openalex.org/W4298033227","https://openalex.org/W4301047298","https://openalex.org/W4388171081","https://openalex.org/W4401260784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364724682","https://openalex.org/W4388712696","https://openalex.org/W3144844674","https://openalex.org/W3189241911","https://openalex.org/W4392167019","https://openalex.org/W2372773672","https://openalex.org/W4390466743","https://openalex.org/W2514561108","https://openalex.org/W2348361849","https://openalex.org/W2372081361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,59],"article":[1],"is":[2,61,140,153,161,171,184],"based":[3],"on":[4,123],"an":[5],"executive":[6],"summary":[7],"of":[8,30,56,76,83,114,126,129,147,177,182],"a":[9,73,112,158,174],"forthcoming":[10],"Arabic-language":[11],"book":[12],"to":[13,37,49,63,72,86,164],"be":[14],"published":[15],"by":[16,97,157,173],"the":[17,25,28,31,53,57,64,80,102,115,124,127,144,180,204],"Centre":[18],"for":[19,111],"Arab":[20],"Unity":[21],"Studies.":[22],"It":[23],"examines":[24],"reasons":[26],"underlying":[27],"failure":[29,60],"Gulf":[32],"Cooperation":[33],"Council":[34],"(GCC)":[35],"countries":[36,68,131],"achieve":[38],"stability":[39],"and":[40,90,95,105,118,122,150,155,167,192,196,203],"realize":[41],"their":[42,46,84],"developmental":[43],"goals,":[44],"despite":[45],"concerted":[47],"endeavours":[48],"do":[50],"so":[51],"since":[52],"oil":[54,81,116,183],"boom":[55],"1970s.":[58],"attributable":[62],"fact":[65],"that":[66,160,208],"these":[67,130],"have":[69],"fallen":[70],"prey":[71],"vicious":[74],"cycle":[75],"autocratic":[77],"governments,":[78],"using":[79],"wealth":[82],"people":[85],"stay":[87],"in":[88,109,137,210],"power,":[89],"which":[91],"are":[92],"being":[93],"supported":[94],"maintained":[96],"foreign":[98,151,201],"governments":[99],"\u2013":[100,108],"especially":[101],"United":[103],"States":[104],"its":[106],"allies":[107],"return":[110],"share":[113],"booty":[117],"other":[119],"concessions.":[120],"Accordingly,":[121],"basis":[125],"experiences":[128],"over":[132],"four":[133],"decades,":[134],"any":[135],"change":[136],"current":[138],"conditions":[139],"not":[141],"foreseeable":[142],"unless":[143],"unholy":[145],"alliance":[146],"autocracy,":[148],"oil,":[149],"powers":[152],"dismantled":[154],"replaced":[156,172],"system":[159],"more":[162],"conducive":[163],"both":[165],"prosperity":[166],"stability;":[168],"where":[169,179,193],"autocracy":[170],"democratic":[175],"form":[176],"government;":[178],"role":[181],"transformed":[185],"into":[186],"what":[187],"will":[188],"engender":[189],"productive":[190],"citizens;":[191],"regional":[194],"integration":[195],"co-existence":[197],"with":[198,212],"neighbours":[199],"replaces":[200],"presence":[202],"\u2018protection\u2019":[205],"or":[206],"destruction":[207],"comes":[209],"tandem":[211],"it.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}