{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005677167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305025","title":"Folding versus Self\u2010Assembling","display_name":"Folding versus Self\u2010Assembling","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005677167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305025","mag":"2005677167","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14566864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/chem.200305025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68911691","display_name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","issn_l":"0947-6539","issn":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047569845","display_name":"Alexander D. Q. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-0596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-0596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander D. Q. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. dequan@wsu.edu","Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, Fax: (+1)\u2009509-335-8867"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. dequan@wsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, Fax: (+1)\u2009509-335-8867","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391662","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-0302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-0302","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6059-7572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,","Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, Fax: (+1)\u2009509-335-8867"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, Fax: (+1)\u2009509-335-8867","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653077","display_name":"Li\u2010Qiong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-6739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-6739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li\u2010Qiong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Material Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA 99352, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Material Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4640,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4640},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":203,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92934249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"19","first_page":"4594","last_page":"4601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11419","display_name":"Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11419","display_name":"Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10578","display_name":"Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes","score":0.25270000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":0.12720000743865967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-folding","display_name":"molecular folding","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assembly","display_name":"self-assembly","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perylene-diimide","display_name":"perylene diimide","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramolecular-association","display_name":"intramolecular association","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermolecular-interactions","display_name":"intermolecular interactions","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-fields","display_name":"force fields","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-nanostructures","display_name":"nanostructured polymers","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"fluorescence","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-spectra","display_name":"absorption spectra","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192468462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533543","display_name":"Chromophore","level":2,"score":0.7984886169433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781379571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423323","display_name":"Diimide","level":4,"score":0.7585736513137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779189646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417674","display_name":"Perylene","level":3,"score":0.7539925575256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166950319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245031","display_name":"Intermolecular force","level":3,"score":0.6739743947982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5464292","display_name":"Folding (DSP implementation)","level":2,"score":0.6523921489715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.6332603096961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75079739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571801","display_name":"Intramolecular force","level":2,"score":0.5824486017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59593255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663","display_name":"Molecular dynamics","level":2,"score":0.574775218963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777516009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194207","display_name":"Ethylene glycol","level":2,"score":0.5455708503723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26856880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910150","display_name":"Self-assembly","level":2,"score":0.5394315123558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5333473682403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166940927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178827","display_name":"Monomer","level":3,"score":0.5317275524139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90260826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899157","display_name":"Hydrophobic effect","level":2,"score":0.49433064460754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204328495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847556","display_name":"Protein folding","level":2,"score":0.44330573081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10803110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341441","display_name":"Force field (fiction)","level":2,"score":0.4353160560131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4206651449203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.4119272828102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3844284117221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.36299148201942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3614845275878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.24385356903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.16003307700157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1574331521987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12765365839004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07092931866645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008163","descriptor_name":"Luminescent Measurements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008163","descriptor_name":"Luminescent Measurements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008163","descriptor_name":"Luminescent Measurements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008968","descriptor_name":"Molecular Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008968","descriptor_name":"Molecular Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008968","descriptor_name":"Molecular Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010569","descriptor_name":"Perylene","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010569","descriptor_name":"Perylene","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010569","descriptor_name":"Perylene","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013053","descriptor_name":"Spectrophotometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013053","descriptor_name":"Spectrophotometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013053","descriptor_name":"Spectrophotometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019855","descriptor_name":"Ethylene Glycol","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019855","descriptor_name":"Ethylene Glycol","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019855","descriptor_name":"Ethylene Glycol","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057927","descriptor_name":"Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057927","descriptor_name":"Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057927","descriptor_name":"Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/chem.200305025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68911691","display_name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","issn_l":"0947-6539","issn":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14566864","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14566864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W984656892","https://openalex.org/W1648880131","https://openalex.org/W1898001095","https://openalex.org/W1966679473","https://openalex.org/W1968182419","https://openalex.org/W1972856030","https://openalex.org/W1981325893","https://openalex.org/W1990009882","https://openalex.org/W1999095468","https://openalex.org/W2001258095","https://openalex.org/W2016066488","https://openalex.org/W2018355294","https://openalex.org/W2020441569","https://openalex.org/W2021297270","https://openalex.org/W2027232885","https://openalex.org/W2033978239","https://openalex.org/W2034540243","https://openalex.org/W2041785455","https://openalex.org/W2047944924","https://openalex.org/W2057167882","https://openalex.org/W2065793647","https://openalex.org/W2067300278","https://openalex.org/W2076465795","https://openalex.org/W2078247308","https://openalex.org/W2092826347","https://openalex.org/W2114992412","https://openalex.org/W2119962775","https://openalex.org/W2135983073","https://openalex.org/W2142910748","https://openalex.org/W2170679027","https://openalex.org/W2949072766","https://openalex.org/W2951401474","https://openalex.org/W2952327758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076465795","https://openalex.org/W2145333902","https://openalex.org/W3156597876","https://openalex.org/W2902003944","https://openalex.org/W2763875741","https://openalex.org/W2065793647","https://openalex.org/W2761992226","https://openalex.org/W2036406311","https://openalex.org/W2088497698","https://openalex.org/W2022219418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model":[0],"foldable":[1],"polymers":[2,67],"with":[3,159],"sequences":[4],"of":[5,65,76,95,136,139,163],"rigid":[6],"hydrophobic":[7],"chromophores":[8],"and":[9,16,24,57,78,86,115],"flexible":[10],"hydrophilic":[11],"tetra(ethylene":[12],"glycol)":[13],"were":[14],"synthesized":[15],"used":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,111,141,155],"paradigm":[20],"for":[21,144],"studying":[22],"molecular-folding":[23],"self-assembly":[25,79,162],"phenomena.":[26],"Our":[27],"results":[28],"demonstrate":[29],"that":[30,60,73,87,91,125],"intramolecular":[31],"association":[32],"or":[33,39,68,161],"folding":[34,77,160],"prevails":[35],"over":[36],"intermolecular":[37],"interaction":[38],"self-assembling":[40],"in":[41,173],"the":[42,74,88,93,99,103,123,126,137,145],"concentration":[43],"region":[44],"from":[45,63,81],"1":[46],"microM":[47],"to":[48],"0.1":[49],"M.":[50],"Importantly,":[51],"folded":[52],"polymeric":[53],"nanostructures":[54],"have":[55],"absorption":[56],"fluorescence":[58],"properties":[59],"are":[61,166,171],"distinct":[62],"those":[64],"unfolded":[66],"free":[69],"monomers.":[70],"We":[71],"hypothesize":[72],"origins":[75],"come":[80],"interactions":[82,97],"between":[83],"molecular":[84,105,108,118,164],"units,":[85],"key":[89],"parameter":[90],"regulates":[92],"on-and-off":[94],"such":[96,140],"is":[98,150],"distance":[100],"R":[101],"separating":[102],"two":[104,127],"units.":[106],"Each":[107],"unit":[109,119],"produces":[110],"characteristic":[112],"force":[113,142],"field,":[114,122],"when":[116,168],"another":[117],"enters":[120],"this":[121],"probability":[124],"units":[128],"will":[129],"interact":[130],"increases":[131],"significantly.":[132],"A":[133],"preliminary":[134],"estimate":[135],"radius":[138],"field":[143],"perylene":[146],"tetracarboxylic":[147],"diimide":[148],"chromophore":[149],"about":[151],"90-120":[152],"A.":[153],"As":[154],"result,":[156],"phenomena":[157],"associated":[158],"species":[165],"observed":[167],"these":[169],"conditions":[170],"met":[172],"solution.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}