{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005677009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","title":"Formulating appropriate statistical hypotheses for treatment comparison in clinical trial design and analysis","display_name":"Formulating appropriate statistical hypotheses for treatment comparison in clinical trial design and analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005677009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","mag":"2005677009","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25308312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63040059","display_name":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1551-7144","issn":["1551-7144","1559-2030"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4254362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021960666","display_name":"Peng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-8999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-8999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, United States. Electronic address: phuang12@jhmi.edu","Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-8999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, United States. Electronic address: phuang12@jhmi.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082690569","display_name":"Aihua Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-7931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-7931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ai-hua Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087391729","display_name":"Steven Piantadosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-9896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-9896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Piantadosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars Sinai Medical Center, United States","Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars Sinai Medical Center, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032189899","display_name":"Ming Tony Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-8246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-8246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University, United States","Georgetown University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78380533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"294","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-superiority","display_name":"treatment superiority","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-specification","display_name":"hypothesis specification","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-sided-tests","display_name":"one-sided tests","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size","display_name":"sample size","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-effectiveness-trials","display_name":"comparative effectiveness trials","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-design","display_name":"clinical trial design","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.8136077523231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843558","display_name":"Alternative hypothesis","level":3,"score":0.7003937363624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.6511724591255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.5644853711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.5511573553085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5014114379882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.4953440725803375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4504665732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33754080533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3278101682662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24667441844940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.21841561794281006}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63040059","display_name":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1551-7144","issn":["1551-7144","1559-2030"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25308312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25308312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary clinical trials","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3601207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4254362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4254362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4254362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Contemp Clin Trials","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt7495p6cx","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7495p6cx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary clinical trials, vol 39, iss 2","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7495p6cx","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7495p6cx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Trials, vol 39, iss 2","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt7495p6cx","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7495p6cx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Huang, P; Ou, AH; Piantadosi, S; & Tan, M. (2014). Formulating appropriate statistical hypotheses for treatment comparison in clinical trial design and analysis. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 39(2), 294 - 302. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.09.005. UCLA: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7495p6cx","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4254362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4254362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Contemp Clin Trials","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1165598027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30CA 006973","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1314160919","display_name":"Dual-hit hypothesis of aging-related DA dysfunction","funder_award_id":"P01AG023630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5789663661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 NS043569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G654952566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50  CA 103175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6660851570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1P01AG023630-049002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8130497273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R21NS043569-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131726201","https://openalex.org/W1884893528","https://openalex.org/W1974828111","https://openalex.org/W1992331847","https://openalex.org/W2016060233","https://openalex.org/W2041285652","https://openalex.org/W2054704918","https://openalex.org/W2073502055","https://openalex.org/W2074011856","https://openalex.org/W2081887252","https://openalex.org/W2147018298","https://openalex.org/W2167628466","https://openalex.org/W2321437396","https://openalex.org/W2797333853","https://openalex.org/W4300905261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979681497","https://openalex.org/W2369782938","https://openalex.org/W3003558595","https://openalex.org/W2765132153","https://openalex.org/W4249473446","https://openalex.org/W2585981346","https://openalex.org/W4256120484","https://openalex.org/W2070378522","https://openalex.org/W2766884256","https://openalex.org/W2150668810"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}