{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005673994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000159","title":"Near-field scanning optical microscope with a metallic probe tip","display_name":"Near-field scanning optical microscope with a metallic probe tip","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005673994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000159","mag":"2005673994","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19829577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/ol.19.000159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134390580","display_name":"Optics Letters","issn_l":"0146-9592","issn":["0146-9592","1071-2763","1539-4794"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091853579","display_name":"Yasushi Inouye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-5146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-5146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasushi Inouye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan","Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University Suita , Osaka, 565, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University Suita , Osaka, 565, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557845","display_name":"Satoshi Kawata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-9588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-9588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Kawata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan","Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University Suita , Osaka, 565, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University Suita , Osaka, 565, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":589,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99397348,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"159","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12466","display_name":"Near-Field Optical Microscopy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12466","display_name":"Near-Field Optical Microscopy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10295","display_name":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-near-field-optical-microscopy","display_name":"scanning near-field optical microscopy","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evanescent-wave-detection","display_name":"evanescent wave detection","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-internal-reflection","display_name":"total internal reflection","score":0.8339999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.878421425819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.6530244946479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.645696759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144028864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428588","display_name":"Stray light","level":2,"score":0.5864985585212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21799368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212656","display_name":"Near-field scanning optical microscope","level":4,"score":0.5721651315689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77017923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912313","display_name":"Optical microscope","level":3,"score":0.5697100162506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98212276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430060","display_name":"Scanning Hall probe microscope","level":5,"score":0.563526451587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170395517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234943","display_name":"Total internal reflection","level":2,"score":0.5203332901000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571589","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","level":3,"score":0.48936933279037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51142988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6984336","display_name":"Near-field optics","level":4,"score":0.48415786027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4763765037059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36628996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287","display_name":"Scanning probe microscopy","level":2,"score":0.47497767210006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.47494080662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.44349002838134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.4265917241573334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.41740089654922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020368824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546192","display_name":"Light intensity","level":2,"score":0.4154110550880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.3945200741291046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28388512134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.18451902270317078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178423520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818","display_name":"Conventional transmission electron microscope","level":4,"score":0.1383478343486786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193016168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874835","display_name":"Scanning transmission electron microscopy","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/ol.19.000159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134390580","display_name":"Optics Letters","issn_l":"0146-9592","issn":["0146-9592","1071-2763","1539-4794"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19829577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19829577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680840469","https://openalex.org/W1746904668","https://openalex.org/W2016744527","https://openalex.org/W2063197697","https://openalex.org/W2068221387","https://openalex.org/W2079714008","https://openalex.org/W2099891861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072064975","https://openalex.org/W2035873467","https://openalex.org/W3158765310","https://openalex.org/W2028325122","https://openalex.org/W2030281803","https://openalex.org/W4320812267","https://openalex.org/W2052393125","https://openalex.org/W4382060633","https://openalex.org/W4244679040","https://openalex.org/W1996736763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"near-field":[1],"scanning":[2],"optical":[3,137],"microscope":[4,28],"with":[5,59,74,88,123],"a":[6,24,29],"metallic":[7,30],"probe":[8,31,67,127],"tip":[9,68],"was":[10],"developed":[11],"for":[12,34],"detecting":[13],"localized":[14,39],"photons":[15,38],"near":[16,40],"the":[17,20,36,41,45,50,56,64,66,72,84,97,106,109,113,126,132],"surface":[18,43,73,133],"of":[19,23,77,99,105,108,112,131,135],"fine":[21],"structure":[22],"sample.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,89],"is":[32,53,91],"used":[33],"converting":[35],"evanescent":[37,114],"sample":[42],"to":[44,71],"propagating":[46],"scattering":[47],"light":[48,52,85],"wave;":[49],"scattered":[51],"detected":[54],"in":[55],"far":[57],"field":[58,115],"external":[60],"condenser":[61],"optics.":[62],"During":[63],"measurement":[65],"vibrates":[69],"normal":[70],"an":[75,136],"amplitude":[76],"~5":[78],"nm":[79],"at":[80],"2.5":[81],"kHz,":[82],"and":[83,124],"intensity":[86],"modulated":[87],"frequency":[90],"lock-in":[92],"detected.":[93],"This":[94],"operation":[95],"permits":[96],"removal":[98],"stray-light":[100],"noise":[101],"contribution.":[102],"Experimental":[103],"results":[104],"measurements":[107],"exponential":[110],"decay":[111],"produced":[116],"by":[117],"total":[118],"internal":[119],"reflection":[120],"are":[121,140],"given":[122],"without":[125],"vibration.":[128],"Image":[129],"data":[130],"profile":[134],"compact":[138],"disk":[139],"also":[141],"shown.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}