{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005672467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014819","title":"Reflections on a proposed theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use: Comment on Spillane and Smith (2007).","display_name":"Reflections on a proposed theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use: Comment on Spillane and Smith (2007).","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005672467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014819","mag":"2005672467","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19254084","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0014819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75627607","display_name":"Psychological Bulletin","issn_l":"0033-2909","issn":["0033-2909","1939-1455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416400","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046762185","display_name":"Janette Beals","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janette Beals","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. jan.beals@ucdenver.edu","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. jan.beals@ucdenver.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005422988","display_name":"Annie Belcourt-Dittloff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie Belcourt-Dittloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006206157","display_name":"Stacey L. Freedenthal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacey Freedenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Denver, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036499458","display_name":"Carol E. Kaufman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-3862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-3862"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113104607","display_name":"Christina M. Mitchell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089855488","display_name":"Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-3194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-3194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Whitesell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089347106","display_name":"Karen Albright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2221-7978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2221-7978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Albright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061783642","display_name":"Fred Beauvais","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred Beauvais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037186652","display_name":"Gordon Belcourt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122468","display_name":"Montana Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council","ror":"https://ror.org/026atsz45","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Belcourt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","Montana-Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montana-Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061711051","display_name":"Bonnie Duran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-5232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-5232"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonnie Duran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-5232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077522879","display_name":"Candace M. Fleming","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Candace Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000247158","display_name":"Natasha Floersch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Floersch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kevin Foley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Foley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075549062","display_name":"Lori L. Jervis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-7198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-7198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lori Jervis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Oklahoma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053819217","display_name":"Billie Jo Kipp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billie Jo Kipp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of New Mexico;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109170005","display_name":"Patricia D. Mail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Mail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","American Public Health Association"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Public Health Association","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034743265","display_name":"Spero M. Manson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-1961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-1961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spero Manson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034234679","display_name":"Philip A. May","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-8701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-8701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip May","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of New Mexico;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001783567","display_name":"Gerald V. Mohatt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Mohatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018221497","display_name":"Bradley Morse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley Morse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045738017","display_name":"Douglas K. Novins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-8596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-8596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Novins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087048850","display_name":"Joan O\u2019Connell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-1153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-1153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan O'Connell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado, Denver"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069888234","display_name":"Tassy Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-4643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-4643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tassy Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of New Mexico;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046834213","display_name":"Gilbert Quintero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-7841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-7841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Quintero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Montana ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Montana ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108085122","display_name":"Paul Spicer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Spicer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Oklahoma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042443347","display_name":"Arlene Rubin Stiffman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arlene Stiffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","Washington University \u2013 St Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University \u2013 St Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph Stone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299022934","display_name":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","United States Department of Health and Human Services"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078963012","display_name":"Joseph E. Trimble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-878X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-878X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52669646","display_name":"Western Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wn7r715","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52669646"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Trimble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","Western Washington University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Washington University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52669646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063731724","display_name":"Kamilla L. Venner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6404-4676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6404-4676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamilla Venner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of New Mexico;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001469476","display_name":"Karina L. Walters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-1867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-1867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338637739","display_name":"American Public Health Association","ror":"https://ror.org/03bg2rq25","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338637739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karina Walters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janette Beals, Annie Belcourt-Dittloff, Carol Kaufman, Christina Mitchell, Nancy Whitesell, Karen Albright, Candace Fleming, Natasha Floersch, Spero Manson, Bradley Morse, Douglas Novins, and Joan O\u2019Connell, American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver; Stacey Freedenthal, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver; Fred Beauvais, Tri-Ethnic Center, Colorado State University; Gordon Belcourt, Montana\u2013Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, Billings, Montana; Bonnie Duran, School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, University of Washington; Kevin Foley, Na Nihzhoozhi Center, Inc., Gallup, New Mexico; Lori Jervis and Paul Spicer, Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma; Billie Jo Kipp and Tassy Parker, Center for Native American Health, University of New Mexico; Patricia Mail, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC; Philip May, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094","https://openalex.org/I1338637739","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85869773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":"2","first_page":"339","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10348","display_name":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10348","display_name":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.09260000288486481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservation-communities","display_name":"reservation communities","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-drinking","display_name":"problem drinking","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-theory","display_name":"contingency theory","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-context","display_name":"cultural context","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-policy","display_name":"alcohol policy","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature-review-critique","display_name":"literature review critique","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-indian-and-alaska-native-health","display_name":"Native American health","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.9215309023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992135444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4232928","display_name":"Native american","level":2,"score":0.4599018096923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4364289939403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42909106612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3839816451072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36400890350341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.23565110564231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2319900393486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21082580089569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.12844684720039368}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007198","descriptor_name":"Indians, North American","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0014819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75627607","display_name":"Psychological Bulletin","issn_l":"0033-2909","issn":["0033-2909","1939-1455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19254084","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19254084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3381716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4416400","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychol Bull","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3381716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320607884","display_name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","funder_award_id":"P01MH042473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2231905344","display_name":"Multilevel analysis of American Indian mental health, illness, and service use","funder_award_id":"R01MH075831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2490898474","display_name":"Sociocultural validity in the context of DSM comorbidity","funder_award_id":"R01MH073965","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6119671135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH073965","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7990460675","display_name":"ALCOHOL USE/ABUSE AMONG INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL STUDENTS","funder_award_id":"R01AA008474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000900022","display_name":"Substance Use Among American Indian Youth: Epidemiology and Etiology","funder_award_id":"R01DA003371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92276005","https://openalex.org/W571057569","https://openalex.org/W1963908803","https://openalex.org/W1966953678","https://openalex.org/W1968139967","https://openalex.org/W1969896726","https://openalex.org/W1995494548","https://openalex.org/W1999581014","https://openalex.org/W1999718713","https://openalex.org/W2007640635","https://openalex.org/W2023929611","https://openalex.org/W2024843361","https://openalex.org/W2028779439","https://openalex.org/W2030167607","https://openalex.org/W2062917003","https://openalex.org/W2073567043","https://openalex.org/W2077837128","https://openalex.org/W2132095123","https://openalex.org/W2166506951","https://openalex.org/W2327472894","https://openalex.org/W2343223101","https://openalex.org/W2406049972","https://openalex.org/W2426143359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969896726","https://openalex.org/W2057504129","https://openalex.org/W6950067111","https://openalex.org/W2050576874","https://openalex.org/W7165053613","https://openalex.org/W2334404374","https://openalex.org/W2166506951","https://openalex.org/W231260753","https://openalex.org/W2138675676","https://openalex.org/W1665258833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"their":[1],"recent":[2],"article,":[3],"N.":[4],"Spillane":[5],"and":[6,54,64,109,124],"G.":[7],"Smith":[8],"suggested":[9],"that":[10,37,71],"reservation-dwelling":[11],"American":[12,27,91,128],"Indians":[13,24,28],"have":[14],"higher":[15],"rates":[16],"of":[17,50,80,87,119],"problem":[18],"drinking":[19,53],"than":[20],"do":[21],"either":[22],"non-American":[23],"or":[25],"those":[26],"living":[29],"in":[30,42,84],"nonreservation":[31],"settings.":[32],"These":[33],"authors":[34],"further":[35],"argued":[36],"problematic":[38],"alcohol":[39],"use":[40],"patterns":[41],"reservation":[43,93],"communities":[44,94],"are":[45,95,114],"due":[46],"to":[47,90],"the":[48,81,85,99,117],"lack":[49],"contingencies":[51],"between":[52],"\"standard":[55],"life":[56],"reinforcers\"":[57],"(SLRs),":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60,97],"employment,":[61],"housing,":[62],"education,":[63],"health":[65],"care.":[66],"This":[67],"comment":[68],"presents":[69],"evidence":[70,105],"these":[72],"arguments":[73],"were":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76],"a":[77],"partial":[78],"review":[79],"literature.":[82],"Weaknesses":[83],"application":[86],"SLR":[88],"constructs":[89],"Indian":[92,129],"identified":[96],"is":[98],"need":[100],"for":[101,127],"culturally":[102],"contextualized":[103],"empirical":[104],"supporting":[106],"this":[107],"theory":[108],"its":[110],"application.":[111],"Cautionary":[112],"notes":[113],"offered":[115],"about":[116],"development":[118],"literature":[120],"reviews,":[121],"theoretical":[122],"frameworks,":[123],"policy":[125],"recommendations":[126],"communities.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
