{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005663833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b250731","title":"An Experiment on the Generic Polycentricity of Urban Growth in a Cellular Automatic City","display_name":"An Experiment on the Generic Polycentricity of Urban Growth in a Cellular Automatic City","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005663833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b250731","mag":"2005663833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/b250731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b250731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b250731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169418","display_name":"Environment and Planning B Planning and Design","issn_l":"0265-8135","issn":["0265-8135","1472-3417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052539913","display_name":"Fulong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-6066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-6066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Analysis and Planning, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff, PO Box 996, Cardiff CF1 3YN, Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis and Planning, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff, PO Box 996, Cardiff CF1 3YN, Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052539913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97169185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"731","last_page":"752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.6425999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.6425999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.322299987077713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycentricity","display_name":"polycentricity","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcentres","display_name":"subcentres","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automata","display_name":"cellular automata","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density","display_name":"population density","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-fordism","display_name":"post-Fordism","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-structure","display_name":"urban structure","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congestion","display_name":"congestion","score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-interactions","display_name":"local interactions","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-simulation","display_name":"urban simulation","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-urban-development","display_name":"sustainable urban development","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777616114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47469956","display_name":"Polycentricity","level":3,"score":0.9293457269668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.7543472647666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.6171165704727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5532262325286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.5170234441757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143","display_name":"Biological dispersal","level":3,"score":0.5146940350532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.48724427819252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4821005165576935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131850264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383056","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.46747538447380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3544160723686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35316479206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2502315640449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23726844787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21936574578285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13943380117416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12145322561264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11584344506263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/b250731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b250731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b250731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169418","display_name":"Environment and Planning B Planning and Design","issn_l":"0265-8135","issn":["0265-8135","1472-3417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pio:envirb:v:25:y:1998:i:5:p:731-752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b250731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:envirb:v:25:y:1998:i:5:p:731-752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/b250731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348010588","https://openalex.org/W2009056999","https://openalex.org/W4238519161","https://openalex.org/W7223411475","https://openalex.org/W7095179971","https://openalex.org/W4398184414","https://openalex.org/W4413820444","https://openalex.org/W2287189808","https://openalex.org/W2064877146","https://openalex.org/W3099190229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post-Fordist":[0],"urban":[1,13,56,250],"growth":[2,202],"is":[3,23,49,62,91,99,238],"characterised":[4],"by":[5],"ever-increasing":[6],"dispersal":[7],"and":[8,37,40,145,212,229,252],"polycentricity.":[9],"The":[10,124,134,201,235],"transformation":[11],"of":[12,33,44,73,96,103,131,141,153,170,198,203,227,244,246,248],"spatial":[14],"structure":[15],"has":[16],"profound":[17],"implications":[18],"for":[19,167],"sustainable":[20],"development.":[21,200],"There":[22],"now":[24],"a":[25,108,116,158],"substantial":[26],"literature":[27],"both":[28],"on":[29,41],"confirming":[30],"the":[31,53,101,104,129,132,138,151,174,186,196,206,225,241],"existence":[32],"polycentricity":[34],"through":[35,128,164,181,258],"equilibrium":[36],"evolutionary":[38],"theories":[39],"empirical":[42],"identification":[43],"subcentres.":[45,155],"However,":[46],"more":[47],"research":[48],"needed":[50],"to":[51,65,150,177,232],"explore":[52],"generically":[54],"polycentric":[55],"growth.":[57],"A":[58],"microscopic":[59],"simulation":[60,98],"approach":[61],"thus":[63],"applied":[64],"study":[66],"how":[67],"stable":[68,154],"subcentres,":[69],"measured":[70,257],"in":[71,86],"terms":[72],"population":[74,143,253],"density,":[75],"can":[76,148],"be":[77],"established.":[78],"In":[79,156],"this":[80,97],"study,":[81],"an":[82,87],"experiment":[83,135],"carried":[84],"out":[85],"artificial":[88],"cellular":[89,105],"city":[90],"reported.":[92],"One":[93],"innovative":[94],"feature":[95],"that":[100,137],"state":[102,118],"automaton":[106],"comprises":[107],"quantity":[109],"variable":[110,119],"(population":[111],"density)":[112],"as":[113,115,191],"well":[114],"binary":[117],"(selected":[120],"or":[121],"not":[122],"selected).":[123],"two":[125],"are":[126,161,193,218,256],"interlinked":[127],"evolution":[130],"city.":[133],"suggests":[136],"combined":[139],"forces":[140],"accumulative":[142],"density":[144,254],"local":[146,171,183,199],"interactions":[147],"lead":[149],"formation":[152,237],"such":[157,190],"regime,":[159],"subcentres":[160],"first":[162],"established":[163],"stochastic":[165,221],"\u2018errors\u2019,":[166],"example,":[168],"clusters":[169,175],"developments.":[172],"Thereafter":[173],"continue":[176],"capture":[178],"development":[179],"opportunities":[180],"reinforced":[182],"interactions.":[184],"With":[185],"evolution,":[187],"however,":[188],"disutilities,":[189],"congestion,":[192],"accumulated":[194],"from":[195],"concentration":[197],"disutilities":[204,217],"changes":[205],"relative":[207],"attractiveness":[208],"between":[209],"formed":[210],"(sub)centres":[211,228],"other":[213,233],"areas.":[214],"When":[215],"significant":[216],"accumulated,":[219],"another":[220],"change":[222],"may":[223],"overturn":[224],"dominance":[226],"drive":[230],"developments":[231],"locations.":[234],"subcentre":[236],"validated":[239],"under":[240],"general":[242],"discussion":[243],"\u2018goodness":[245],"fit\u2019":[247],"possible":[249],"automata,":[251],"surfaces":[255],"various":[259],"\u2018signatures\u2019.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
