{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005647836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","title":"The Perception of Smiling and Its Experiential Correlates in Three-Month-Old Infants","display_name":"The Perception of Smiling and Its Experiential Correlates in Three-Month-Old Infants","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005647836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","mag":"2005647836","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3757600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109723506","display_name":"Child Development","issn_l":"0009-3920","issn":["0009-3920","1467-8624"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059277783","display_name":"April Kuchuk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"April Kuchuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEW YORK U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEW YORK U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007560792","display_name":"Martha Vibbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-6921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-6921"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martha Vibbert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050838768","display_name":"Marc H. Bornstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-8427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-8427"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc H. Bornstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93133562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"1054","last_page":"1054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.4927000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.4927000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.48579999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expressions","display_name":"facial expressions","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-preference","display_name":"infant preference","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-infant-interaction","display_name":"mother-infant interaction","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-attention","display_name":"infant attention","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-discrimination","display_name":"facial expression discrimination","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-development","display_name":"perceptual development","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-month-old-infants","display_name":"3-month-old infants","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8672685623168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6487106680870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.6462883949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5182673931121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.48973751068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.48470067977905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1126197874546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002666","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007206","descriptor_name":"Individuality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009034","descriptor_name":"Mother-Child Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012904","descriptor_name":"Smiling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00266.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109723506","display_name":"Child Development","issn_l":"0009-3920","issn":["0009-3920","1467-8624"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/1130379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1130379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1130379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109723506","display_name":"Child Development","issn_l":"0009-3920","issn":["0009-3920","1467-8624"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3757600","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3757600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child development","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690330914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD17423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3960295232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD00521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4127856674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD20559","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103756774","https://openalex.org/W187556194","https://openalex.org/W212391048","https://openalex.org/W614504989","https://openalex.org/W1492041649","https://openalex.org/W1580867010","https://openalex.org/W1720881856","https://openalex.org/W1794656027","https://openalex.org/W1945194728","https://openalex.org/W1963982777","https://openalex.org/W1990162531","https://openalex.org/W2027545962","https://openalex.org/W2032431790","https://openalex.org/W2040789382","https://openalex.org/W2054679358","https://openalex.org/W2054778027","https://openalex.org/W2061275412","https://openalex.org/W2071254789","https://openalex.org/W2076729302","https://openalex.org/W2078616011","https://openalex.org/W2086529893","https://openalex.org/W2087204502","https://openalex.org/W2094491548","https://openalex.org/W2094925118","https://openalex.org/W2102548748","https://openalex.org/W2104452301","https://openalex.org/W2120513261","https://openalex.org/W2329925658","https://openalex.org/W2788988160","https://openalex.org/W2939640430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087204502","https://openalex.org/W2162975013","https://openalex.org/W2057504565","https://openalex.org/W2099585587","https://openalex.org/W1995969079","https://openalex.org/W3114949498","https://openalex.org/W368558103","https://openalex.org/W1868943285","https://openalex.org/W2296672384","https://openalex.org/W2094971936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"studied":[1],"individual":[2],"differences":[3],"in":[4,28],"3-month-olds'":[5],"perceptions":[6],"of":[7,13,24,30,40,49,96,103,108],"smiling":[8,53,69,82],"and":[9,83,93,99,112],"the":[10,17,52,100],"experiential":[11],"correlates":[12],"those":[14],"differences.":[15],"In":[16],"laboratory,":[18],"infants":[19,85],"saw":[20],"a":[21,33],"graduated":[22],"series":[23],"smiles":[25],"that":[26],"grew":[27],"intensity":[29],"expression.":[31],"As":[32],"group,":[34],"3-month-olds":[35],"preferred":[36],"increasingly":[37],"intense":[38],"expressions":[39],"smiling,":[41],"but":[42],"individually":[43],"they":[44,80],"showed":[45,65],"different":[46,106],"growth":[47],"rates":[48],"preference":[50],"across":[51],"series.":[54],"Further,":[55],"infants'":[56],"preferences":[57],"related":[58],"to":[59,68,77],"their":[60,84],"home":[61],"experiences:":[62],"Infants":[63],"who":[64,72],"greater":[66],"sensitivity":[67,115],"had":[70],"mothers":[71],"more":[73],"frequently":[74],"encouraged":[75],"attention":[76],"themselves":[78],"when":[79],"were":[81,86],"looking":[87],"at":[88],"them.":[89],"Infant":[90],"discrimination":[91],"within":[92],"between":[94,105],"categories":[95],"facial":[97],"expression":[98],"relative":[101],"strengths":[102],"association":[104],"kinds":[107],"naturally":[109],"occurring":[110],"experiences":[111],"infant":[113],"perceptual":[114],"are":[116],"discussed.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}