{"id":"https://openalex.org/W200560608","doi":null,"title":"Power Distance in Organizational Contexts- A Review of Collectivist Cultures","display_name":"Power Distance in Organizational Contexts- A Review of Collectivist Cultures","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W200560608","mag":"200560608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:200560608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sites.uci.edu/ghosh/files/2015/09/pdf5.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764642258","display_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","issn_l":"0019-5286","issn":["0019-5286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003706084","display_name":"Apoorva Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-581X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-581X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I301324184","display_name":"Xavier School of Management","ror":"https://ror.org/046vhnd58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I301324184"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Apoorva Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["XLRI-Xavier School of Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XLRI-Xavier School of Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I301324184"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003706084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I301324184"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02183406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-distance","display_name":"power distance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collectivism","display_name":"collectivism","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hofstede-s-cultural-dimensions","display_name":"Hofstede cultural dimensions","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-participation","display_name":"employee participation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-empowerment","display_name":"employee empowerment","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-communication","display_name":"organizational communication","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micromanagement","display_name":"micromanagement","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unethical-behavior","display_name":"unethical behavior","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-discretion","display_name":"employee discretion","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-orientation","display_name":"long-term orientation","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism-collectivism","display_name":"individualism-collectivism","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-health","display_name":"organizational health","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management-practices","display_name":"human resource management practices","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-management","display_name":"cross-cultural management","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-resistance-to-change","display_name":"employee resistance to change","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67356462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5807210","display_name":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory","level":2,"score":0.9545252323150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96420161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237789","display_name":"Collectivism","level":3,"score":0.8453354835510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119469879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15514847","display_name":"Uncertainty avoidance","level":4,"score":0.6365082263946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.5859923958778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.532671332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.495354562997818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48075219988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.46464869379997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40626466274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3883787989616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21953827142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:200560608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sites.uci.edu/ghosh/files/2015/09/pdf5.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764642258","display_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","issn_l":"0019-5286","issn":["0019-5286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145763195","https://openalex.org/W350029796","https://openalex.org/W425626586","https://openalex.org/W579528427","https://openalex.org/W620558971","https://openalex.org/W1514545404","https://openalex.org/W1527934091","https://openalex.org/W1533873923","https://openalex.org/W1573131954","https://openalex.org/W1579929038","https://openalex.org/W1696856059","https://openalex.org/W1965004797","https://openalex.org/W1969952573","https://openalex.org/W1978311462","https://openalex.org/W1978534378","https://openalex.org/W1980869504","https://openalex.org/W1989987384","https://openalex.org/W1996593717","https://openalex.org/W2000574255","https://openalex.org/W2001525368","https://openalex.org/W2004340020","https://openalex.org/W2006308202","https://openalex.org/W2011924096","https://openalex.org/W2017074795","https://openalex.org/W2025570220","https://openalex.org/W2037444524","https://openalex.org/W2044663218","https://openalex.org/W2053531577","https://openalex.org/W2054041800","https://openalex.org/W2054970741","https://openalex.org/W2056743506","https://openalex.org/W2065059647","https://openalex.org/W2071430648","https://openalex.org/W2073559863","https://openalex.org/W2079422400","https://openalex.org/W2081228936","https://openalex.org/W2089766767","https://openalex.org/W2158639067","https://openalex.org/W2163083643","https://openalex.org/W2461230683","https://openalex.org/W2487064743","https://openalex.org/W2768625142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023537432","https://openalex.org/W2596677911","https://openalex.org/W1427248083","https://openalex.org/W1980869504","https://openalex.org/W763134","https://openalex.org/W345117670","https://openalex.org/W2591430269","https://openalex.org/W2555498169","https://openalex.org/W2954509940","https://openalex.org/W87380952","https://openalex.org/W2713411357","https://openalex.org/W1971858057","https://openalex.org/W2112216083","https://openalex.org/W3021784525","https://openalex.org/W145106198","https://openalex.org/W959355890","https://openalex.org/W64231724","https://openalex.org/W3125324306","https://openalex.org/W60054674","https://openalex.org/W3004232643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0,228,250,569],"distance":[1,41,57,76,172,229,251,278,304,335,364,368,411,452,525,552,570],"has":[2],"been":[3],"constructed":[4],"mostly":[5],"as":[6,347,349],"a":[7,124,275,301,310,332,361,408],"concept":[8],"highly":[9,27],"negative":[10],"for":[11,68,186,243],"organizational":[12,21,138,527],"progress,":[13],"participation":[14],"and":[15,19,78,88,119,140,180,188,204,223,236,257,271,294,328,352,417,436,460,463,493,496,515,536,560,565],"empowerment":[16],"of":[17,36,82,287,292,318,339,341,356,457,466,477,486,550,579],"employees":[18,168,209,273,284,346,391,531],"overall":[20,224],"health.":[22],"This":[23,31,375],"construct":[24],"is":[25,47,226,241,358,376,481],"also":[26,252,471],"correlated":[28],"with":[29,38,85,217,431],"collectivism.":[30],"paper":[32],"examines":[33],"the":[34,102,127,148,208,244,298,313,394,423,446,454,464,467,475,554,576],"compatibility":[35],"organizations":[37,149,155,369,511,542],"high":[39,74,86,156,170,276,302,333,362,409,450],"power":[40,56,75,89,115,158,171,256,277,303,334,363,367,410,451,487,524,551],"cultural":[42,98,108,442],"set":[43],"ups.":[44],"An":[45],"attempt":[46],"made":[48,308,327],"here":[49],"to":[50,53,176,246,372,382,388,393,415,422,453,484,489,529,532,573],"inquire":[51],"in":[52,61,80,106,131,147,169,178,199,262,274,297,331,360,407,439,474,553],"whether":[54],"low":[55],"can":[58,71],"be":[59,574],"realized":[60],"collectivist":[62],"cultures":[63],"or":[64,219,384,392,402],"we":[65],"should":[66],"look":[67],"aspects":[69],"which":[70,192,499],"make":[72],"this":[73],"functional":[77],"desirable":[79],"case":[81,476],"those":[83],"countries":[84],"collectivism":[87],"distance.":[90,159],"Cultural":[91],"Dimensions":[92],"Hofstede":[93],"(1980)":[94],"brought":[95],"forth":[96],"four":[97],"dimensions":[99],"that":[100,167,445,473,523],"became":[101],"most":[103,504],"popular":[104],"references":[105],"cross-":[107],"studies":[109],"later.":[110],"These":[111],"are":[112,174,202,307,326,370,429],"individualism/":[113],"collectivism,":[114],"distance,":[116],"uncertainty":[117],"avoidance,":[118],"masculinity/femininity.":[120],"Later,":[121],"he":[122],"added":[123],"fifth":[125],"dimension,":[126],"long":[128,295],"term":[129],"orientation":[130],"his":[132,163],"thesis":[133],"(Hofstede":[134],"2001).":[135],"Research":[136],"on":[137,143,154,157,509,540],"culture":[139,173],"its":[141,530],"implication":[142],"human":[144],"resource":[145],"practices":[146],"have":[150,264,380],"often":[151],"come":[152],"heavily":[153],"Khatri":[160],"(2009)":[161],"through":[162],"various":[164],"propositions":[165],"concludes":[166],"unwilling":[175],"participate":[177],"decisions":[179,185,306,325,357,387,420],"prefer":[181],"their":[182,237,248,386,440,501],"superiors":[183,235],"making":[184],"them":[187,190],"giving":[189,207],"instructions,":[191],"they":[193,470],"could":[194],"follow":[195],"passively.":[196],"Also,":[197],"jobs":[198],"such":[200],"contexts":[201],"narrowly":[203],"tightly":[205],"specified,":[206],"limited":[210],"discretion.":[211],"Communication":[212],"takes":[213],"place":[214],"vertically":[215],"downwards":[216],"no":[218],"little":[220,319],"horizontal":[221],"communication":[222,225,232,351],"anaemic.":[227],"renders":[230],"large":[231],"gap":[233],"between":[234,556],"subordinates":[238,245],"because":[239,286,291,317,338,377],"it":[240,480],"hard":[242],"air":[247],"views.":[249],"gives":[253],"managers":[254,379,413,428,448,459,479],"unlimited":[255],"control":[258],"over":[259],"subordinates.":[260],"Employees,":[261],"turn,":[263],"an":[265],"unquestioning,":[266],"submissive":[267],"attitude.":[268],"Further,":[269],"older":[270],"senior":[272,458],"context":[279],"get":[280],"respect":[281],"from":[282,321,343],"junior":[283],"not":[285,381],"former's":[288],"competence":[289],"but":[290],"age":[293],"tenure":[296],"organization.":[299,336,365,396],"In":[300],"culture,":[305],"by":[309,512],"few":[311],"at":[312],"top":[314,378],"autocratically.":[315],"And":[316,405],"resistance":[320],"lower":[322,344,389],"level":[323,345,390,427],"employees,":[324],"implemented":[329],"faster":[330],"However,":[337],"lack":[340],"input":[342],"well":[348],"poor":[350],"information":[353],"sharing,":[354],"quality":[355],"poorer":[359],"High":[366],"prone":[371],"unethical":[373],"behaviour.":[374],"justify":[383],"defend":[385],"larger":[395],"Unethical":[397],"behaviour":[398],"gets":[399],"covered":[400],"up":[401],"goes":[403],"undetected.":[404],"finally,":[406],"organization,":[412],"tend":[414],"micromanage":[416],"even":[418],"minor":[419],"go":[421],"top.":[424],"Thus,":[425],"higher":[426],"inundated":[430],"routine":[432],"decisions.":[433],"Though":[434],"Budhwar":[435],"Sparrow":[437],"(2002:618),":[438],"cross":[441],"comparison":[443],"view":[444],"British":[447],"associate":[449],"different":[455],"positions":[456],"union":[461],"influence":[462],"capabilities":[465],"HR":[468],"function,":[469],"agree":[472],"Indian":[478],"more":[482],"related":[483],"misuse":[485],"due":[488],"political,":[490],"caste,":[491],"group":[492],"bureaucratic":[494],"pressures":[495],"'power":[497],"myopia'":[498],"influences":[500],"thinking":[502],"about":[503],"HRM":[505],"practices.":[506],"A":[507],"study":[508,539],"Chinese":[510,541],"Farh,":[513],"Hackett,":[514],"Liang":[516],"(2007)":[517],"emphasizes":[518],"similar":[519],"realities.":[520],"They":[521],"find":[522],"hinders":[526],"support":[528],"yield":[533],"better":[534],"performance":[535],"productivity.":[537],"Another":[538],"(Yang":[543],"et":[544],"al":[545],"2007)":[546],"indicates":[547],"adverse":[548],"moderation":[549],"relationships":[555],"procedural":[557,580],"justice":[558,581],"climate":[559],"individual-level":[561],"outcomes":[562],"(organizational":[563],"commitment":[564],"organization-directed":[566],"citizenship":[567],"behaviour).":[568],"was":[571],"found":[572],"assuaging":[575],"positive":[577],"effects":[578],"climate.":[582],"\u2026":[583]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
