{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005484894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001940","title":"The role of cytokines in immunological tolerance: potential for therapy","display_name":"The role of cytokines in immunological tolerance: potential for therapy","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005484894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001940","mag":"2005484894","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14585138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1462399400001940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207438450","display_name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","issn_l":"1462-3994","issn":["1462-3994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091609390","display_name":"Nicole E. McNeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-6880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-6880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole McNeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 9, Room 1N105, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mcneiln@mail.nih.gov","Department of Genetics, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 9, Room 1N105, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 9, Room 1N105, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mcneiln@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 9, Room 1N105, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111727699","display_name":"Thomas Ried","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Ried","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 9, Room 1N105, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 9, Room 1N105, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57982669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"7","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11213","display_name":"Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-tolerance","display_name":"immune tolerance","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosomal-abnormalities","display_name":"chromosomal abnormalities","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization","display_name":"fluorescence in situ hybridization","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-genomic-hybridization","display_name":"comparative genomic hybridization","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-karyotyping","display_name":"spectral karyotyping","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-cytogenetics","display_name":"molecular cytogenetics","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosomal-rearrangements","display_name":"chromosomal rearrangements","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-amplification","display_name":"gene amplification","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematologic-malignancies","display_name":"hematologic malignancies","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-tumors","display_name":"solid tumors","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53226629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189967","display_name":"Karyotype","level":4,"score":0.7098081111907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6594483852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1336182","display_name":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization","level":4,"score":0.6564561128616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193820426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998484","display_name":"Molecular cytogenetics","level":5,"score":0.6061201095581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124942203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656638","display_name":"Comparative genomic hybridization","level":4,"score":0.5982420444488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.5892418622970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70278784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574427","display_name":"Metaphase","level":4,"score":0.584276020526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174475383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246128","display_name":"Cytogenetics","level":4,"score":0.5617330074310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138626823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916504","display_name":"Chromosomal translocation","level":3,"score":0.5072504878044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.4710417091846466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4611980617046356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4443172812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130197536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418436","display_name":"Hybridization probe","level":3,"score":0.4356621205806732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.423002690076828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46321384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113917","display_name":"Chromosome engineering","level":4,"score":0.4226815104484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3403109014034271}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1462399400001940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207438450","display_name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","issn_l":"1462-3994","issn":["1462-3994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14585138","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14585138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert reviews in molecular medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80424240","https://openalex.org/W564468169","https://openalex.org/W594725272","https://openalex.org/W1487283699","https://openalex.org/W1508578981","https://openalex.org/W1525850954","https://openalex.org/W1539061345","https://openalex.org/W1673265448","https://openalex.org/W1809013360","https://openalex.org/W1968046362","https://openalex.org/W1975864013","https://openalex.org/W1978269204","https://openalex.org/W1989304002","https://openalex.org/W1991027600","https://openalex.org/W1993830180","https://openalex.org/W1998593414","https://openalex.org/W1999421519","https://openalex.org/W2003268750","https://openalex.org/W2025224752","https://openalex.org/W2034824188","https://openalex.org/W2037479635","https://openalex.org/W2038155751","https://openalex.org/W2049046722","https://openalex.org/W2050361501","https://openalex.org/W2055716871","https://openalex.org/W2060786908","https://openalex.org/W2063992695","https://openalex.org/W2071325029","https://openalex.org/W2072070842","https://openalex.org/W2073225422","https://openalex.org/W2074809432","https://openalex.org/W2084507708","https://openalex.org/W2085667759","https://openalex.org/W2090424915","https://openalex.org/W2092926924","https://openalex.org/W2098017335","https://openalex.org/W2127301911","https://openalex.org/W2134404166","https://openalex.org/W2134535550","https://openalex.org/W2144516044","https://openalex.org/W2150286335","https://openalex.org/W2162948486","https://openalex.org/W2339359539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416027666","https://openalex.org/W2113741637","https://openalex.org/W2410481269","https://openalex.org/W2039773000","https://openalex.org/W2101907056","https://openalex.org/W2060786908","https://openalex.org/W2134535550","https://openalex.org/W2050778299","https://openalex.org/W1924062103","https://openalex.org/W4388310974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Molecular":[0],"cytogenetic":[1,115,193],"techniques":[2,194],"that":[3,26,164,177],"are":[4,27,165],"based":[5],"on":[6],"fluorescence":[7,75],"in":[8,200],"situ":[9],"hybridisation":[10,62,128],"(FISH)":[11],"have":[12,188],"become":[13],"invaluable":[14],"tools":[15],"for":[16,117],"the":[17,22,126,148,159],"diagnosis":[18],"and":[19,36,81,89,99,105,120,139,142,169,172,195],"identification":[20,160],"of":[21,59,74,101,129,147,153,161],"numerous":[23],"chromosomal":[24,45,103,122,162],"aberrations":[25,176],"associated":[28,166],"with":[29,52,167],"neoplastic":[30],"disease,":[31],"including":[32],"both":[33],"haematological":[34],"malignancies":[35],"solid":[37],"tumours.":[38],"FISH":[39],"can":[40,68],"be":[41,69],"used":[42,70],"to":[43,71,91,158],"identify":[44],"rearrangements,":[46],"by":[47,136,180],"detecting":[48],"specific":[49,102],"DNA":[50,55,80,83,93],"sequences":[51],"fluorescently":[53],"labelled":[54,132],"probes.":[56],"The":[57,151],"technique":[58],"comparative":[60],"genomic":[61],"(CGH)":[63],"involves":[64,125],"two-colour":[65],"FISH.":[66],"It":[67],"establish":[72],"ratios":[73],"intensity":[76],"values":[77],"between":[78],"tumour":[79],"control":[82],"along":[84],"normal":[85],"reference":[86],"metaphase":[87],"chromosomes,":[88],"thereby":[90],"detect":[92],"copy-number":[94],"changes":[95],"such":[96],"as":[97],"gains":[98],"losses":[100],"regions":[104],"gene":[106],"amplifications.":[107],"Spectral":[108],"karyotyping":[109],"(SKY)":[110],"is":[111],"a":[112,144],"novel":[113],"molecular":[114,192,201],"method":[116],"characterising":[118],"numerical":[119],"structural":[121],"aberrations.":[123],"SKY":[124,154],"simultaneous":[127],"24":[130],"differentially":[131],"chromosome-painting":[133],"probes,":[134],"followed":[135],"spectral":[137],"imaging":[138],"chromosome":[140],"classification,":[141],"produces":[143],"colour":[145],"karyotype":[146],"entire":[149],"genome.":[150],"use":[152],"has":[155,173],"contributed":[156],"significantly":[157],"anomalies":[163],"constitutional":[168],"cancer":[170],"cytogenetics,":[171],"revealed":[174],"many":[175],"go":[178],"undetected":[179],"traditional":[181],"banding":[182],"techniques.":[183],"In":[184],"this":[185],"article,":[186],"we":[187],"reviewed":[189],"these":[190],"new":[191],"described":[196],"their":[197],"various":[198],"applications":[199],"medicine.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
