{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005482676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bc034180o","title":"In Vitro Cytotoxicity and in Vivo Distribution after Direct Delivery of PEG\u2212Camptothecin Conjugates to the Rat Brain","display_name":"In Vitro Cytotoxicity and in Vivo Distribution after Direct Delivery of PEG\u2212Camptothecin Conjugates to the Rat Brain","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005482676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bc034180o","mag":"2005482676","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15546204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/bc034180o","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bc034180o","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bc034180o","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155115410","display_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","issn_l":"1043-1802","issn":["1043-1802","1520-4812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048312381","display_name":"Alison B. Fleming","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison B. Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 227 Becton Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06511"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 227 Becton Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06511","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074752640","display_name":"Kraig Haverstick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kraig Haverstick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 227 Becton Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06511"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 227 Becton Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06511","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012106344","display_name":"W. Mark Saltzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-549X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-549X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Mark Saltzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 227 Becton Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06511"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 227 Becton Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06511","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74130531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"1364","last_page":"1375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.47440001368522644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.47440001368522644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.448199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11686","display_name":"Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camptothecin","display_name":"camptothecin","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pegylation","display_name":"PEGylation","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery-to-the-brain","display_name":"brain drug delivery","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gliosarcoma","display_name":"gliosarcoma","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradable-polymers","display_name":"biodegradable polymers","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-responsive-drug-release","display_name":"pH-responsive drug release","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-distribution-in-brain","display_name":"brain drug distribution","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-solubility","display_name":"water solubility","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8857789039611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779682216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419964","display_name":"Camptothecin","level":2,"score":0.8817993402481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779149719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682252","display_name":"PEGylation","level":3,"score":0.7938015460968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.7818098068237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.7772077322006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54400483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1793202","display_name":"PEG ratio","level":2,"score":0.6715689897537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.6313254833221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.6048498749732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5986639261245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5916389226913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.5815743803977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777516009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194207","display_name":"Ethylene glycol","level":2,"score":0.4901460111141205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108215921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603741","display_name":"Prodrug","level":2,"score":0.47299179434776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.433242529630661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780508388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750127","display_name":"SN-38","level":5,"score":0.4331151247024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.3888357877731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776964284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410083","display_name":"Polyethylene glycol","level":2,"score":0.3186267614364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.25846052169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780259306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412197","display_name":"Irinotecan","level":4,"score":0.20338749885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1357204020023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011916","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred F344","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018316","descriptor_name":"Gliosarcoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018316","descriptor_name":"Gliosarcoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/bc034180o","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bc034180o","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bc034180o","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155115410","display_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","issn_l":"1043-1802","issn":["1043-1802","1520-4812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15546204","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15546204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioconjugate chemistry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G864520458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA52857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603645835","https://openalex.org/W1902136169","https://openalex.org/W2011370547","https://openalex.org/W2013280216","https://openalex.org/W2053337271","https://openalex.org/W2060612190","https://openalex.org/W2071090177","https://openalex.org/W2085504000","https://openalex.org/W2092307542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079308170","https://openalex.org/W2085635460","https://openalex.org/W2077800215","https://openalex.org/W2088473419","https://openalex.org/W2050404828","https://openalex.org/W3024615820","https://openalex.org/W2070902104","https://openalex.org/W2406645859","https://openalex.org/W2971414877","https://openalex.org/W2521457636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"water":[1],"solubility":[2],"and":[3,14,51,75,91,107,132,147],"rapid":[4],"elimination":[5],"from":[6],"the":[7,23,28,59,66,115,126,142,150,169,175,192,196,217],"brain":[8,127,218],"inhibits":[9],"local":[10,214],"delivery":[11,16,215],"via":[12],"implants":[13],"other":[15],"systems":[17],"of":[18,37,68,118,153,158,166,198],"most":[19],"therapeutic":[20],"drugs":[21],"to":[22,33,57,113,122,156],"brain.":[24],"We":[25,63,99,135],"have":[26,64,136],"conjugated":[27,123],"chemotherapy":[29],"drug,":[30],"camptothecin":[31],"(CPT),":[32],"poly(ethylene":[34],"glycol)":[35],"(PEG)":[36],"molecular":[38],"weight":[39],"3400":[40],"using":[41],"previously":[42],"established":[43],"protocols.":[44],"These":[45,82],"new":[46],"conjugates":[47,70,83],"are":[48],"very":[49],"water-soluble":[50],"hydrolyze":[52],"at":[53],"a":[54,109,188],"pH-dependent":[55],"rate":[56],"release":[58,93],"active":[60,177],"parent":[61],"drug.":[62],"studied":[65,96],"uptake":[67],"these":[69,199],"by":[71],"cells":[72],"in":[73,97,120,125,168,174,216,222],"vitro":[74],"quantified":[76],"their":[77,92],"cytotoxicity":[78],"toward":[79,208],"gliosarcoma":[80],"cells.":[81],"were":[84,95,181],"loaded":[85],"into":[86,104],"biodegradable":[87],"polymeric":[88,102],"controlled-release":[89],"implants,":[90],"characteristics":[94],"vitro.":[98],"implanted":[100],"similar":[101],"disks":[103],"rat":[105],"brains":[106],"used":[108],"novel":[110],"sectioning":[111],"scheme":[112],"determine":[114],"concentration":[116,146],"profile":[117],"CPT":[119,124,159,167],"comparison":[121],"after":[128,212],"1,":[129],"7,":[130],"14,":[131],"28":[133],"days.":[134],"found":[137,173],"that":[138,203],"PEGylation":[139,204],"greatly":[140,148],"increases":[141],"maximum":[143],"achievable":[144],"drug":[145,179,210,223],"enhances":[149],"distribution":[151,211],"properties":[152],"CPT,":[154],"compared":[155],"corelease":[157],"with":[160],"PEG.":[161],"Although":[162],"only":[163],"one":[164],"percent":[165],"conjugate":[170,193],"system":[171],"was":[172],"hydrolyzed,":[176],"form,":[178],"concentrations":[180],"still":[182],"significantly":[183],"above":[184],"cytotoxic":[185],"levels":[186],"over":[187],"greater":[189],"distance":[190],"for":[191,219],"system.":[194],"On":[195],"basis":[197],"results,":[200],"we":[201],"believe":[202],"shows":[205],"great":[206],"promise":[207],"increasing":[209],"direct,":[213],"enhanced":[220],"efficacy":[221],"treatment.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
